Adolphe Sax
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Image:Adolphe sax statue.jpg Antoine-Joseph (known as Adolphe) Sax (November 6, 1814 – February 4, 1894) was a Belgian musical instrument designer, best known for inventing the saxophone.
Adolphe Sax was born in Dinant in Wallonia, Belgium. His father, Charles-Joseph Sax, was an instrument designer himself, who made several changes to the design of the horn. Adolphe began to make his own instruments at an early age, entering two of his flutes and a clarinet into a competition at the age of fifteen. He subsequently studied those two instruments at the Royal School of Singing in Brussels.
Having left the school, Sax began to experiment with new instrument designs, while his father continued to produce conventional instruments to bring money into the household. Adolphe's first important invention was an improvement of the bass clarinet design which he patented at the age of 20.
In 1841, Sax relocated permanently to Paris and began work on a new set of instruments which were exhibited there in 1844. They were keyed bugles, and although he had not invented the instrument itself, his examples were so superior to those of his rivals that they became known as saxhorns. They range in approximately 7 different sizes, looking somewhat similar to the euphonium and also paved the path to the creation of the flugelhorn. Today, they are widely used in military bands and sometimes in orchestras. The saxhorn also laid the groundwork for the modern euphonium. He also developed the saxtromba in 1845, though this survived only briefly.
The 1840s also saw Sax inventing the instrument for which he is now best known, the saxophone, though his new invention was actually patented in 1838. The saxophone was invented for use in military bands. However, because of the raspy sound that is made synonymous with the saxophone as compared to the traditional brass and reed-absent instruments in traditional military bands, the saxophone is not used in military bands very often anymore. The instrument is made of brass with a conical bore and a flared "bell" like other brass made instruments. It is part of the woodwind family and uses a single reed and mouthpiece much like the clarinet. The composer Hector Berlioz wrote approvingly of the new instrument in 1842, but the instrument was not patented until 1846, after he had designed and exhibited a full range of saxophones (from soprano to bass). These instruments made his reputation, and secured him a job teaching at the Paris Conservatoire from 1867.
Sax continued to make instruments later in life, as well as presiding over a new saxophone class at the Paris Conservatoire. However, rival instrument-makers attacked the legitimacy of his patents and mounted a lengthy campaign of litigation against Sax and his company, driving him into bankruptcy twice (in 1856 and 1873). The prolonged legal struggle may also have undermined his own health; he suffered from lip cancer between 1853 and 1858 but made a full recovery.
He died in 1894 in Paris and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre.
External links
- Adolphe Sax page from Saxgourmet sitebg:Адолф Сакс
de:Adolphe Sax fr:Adolphe Sax gl:Adolphe Sax ko:아돌프 삭스 it:Adolphe Sax nl:Adolphe Sax ja:アドルフ・サックス no:Adolphe Sax nn:Adolphe Sax pl:Adolphe Sax pt:Adolphe Sax simple:Adolphe Sax sl:Adolphe Sax fi:Adolphe Sax sv:Adolphe Sax