Alkaline battery

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Image:Duracell.jpg Alkaline batteries are a type of power cell dependent upon the reaction between zinc and manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2). Compared with traditional carbon/zinc batteries, while both produce approximately 1.5 volts per cell, alkaline batteries have a higher energy density and longer shelf-life. Compared with silver-oxide batteries, which alkalines commonly compete against in button cells, they have lower energy density and shorter lifetimes.

A cell consists of a steel can, nickel-plated at both ends, the negative, flat terminal being electrically isolated with a nylon seal. Inside the can is the manganese dioxide cathode, a separator membrane, the powdered zinc anode in a potassium hydroxide water electrolyte. Finally, at the axis is a brass pin electrically connected to the negative terminal.

The two-half reactions that yield the power are:

<math>Zn (s) + 2OH^- (aq) \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2 (s) + 2e^-</math>
<math>2MnO_2 (s) + H_2O (l) + 2e^- \rightarrow Mn_2O_3 (s) + 2OH^- (aq)</math>

The overall redox-reaction can be written:

<math>Zn (s) + 2MnO_2 (s) + H_2O (l) \rightarrow Zn(OH)_2 (s) + Mn_2O_3 (s)</math>

Around the 1990s, the addition of mercury in alkaline batteries was stopped.

The long-lasting alkaline battery was invented in 1959 by Eveready Battery engineer Lewis Urry.

Rayovac produced a rechargeable alkaline battery, which they called Renewal. There is also a Canadian company that specializes in rechargable alkalines called Pure Energy. Both of these are based on rechargeable alkaline manganese (RAM) technology developed by Battery Technologies Inc., a Canadian company (now defunct), as are RAM batteries produced by some other manufacturers.

Since some of these engineers are Canadian, it has been believed that Sudbury, Ontario produces nickel for the batteries.

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See also

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External links

More information can be found at: http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/electricity/batteries/alkaline.htmlpl:Bateria alkaliczna de:Alkali-Mangan-Batterie ja:アルカリマンガン乾電池

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