Animal husbandry
From Free net encyclopedia
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock. As such, it is a vital skill for farmers and, in some countries in many ways, as much art as it is science. Other countries have strict laws on the qualifications needed to treat animals and ensure that scientific methods are used to care for them.
The science of animal husbandry, called animal science, is taught in many universities and colleges around the world. Students of animal science may pursue degrees in veterinary medicine following graduation, or go on to pursue master's degrees or doctorates in disciplines such as nutrition, genetics and breeding, or reproductive physiology. Graduates of these programs may be found working in the veterinary and human pharmaceutical industries, the livestock and pet supply and feed industries, or in academia.
It is one of the oldest world professions. It is also mentioned in the Bible as the first task given by God to Adam: to name and care for the Garden of Eden and the animals (Genesis 2:19-20).
Historically, certain sub-professions within the field of Animal Husbandry are specifically named according to the animals that are cared for.
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Different Types of Animal Husbandry
A swineherd is a person who cares for hogs and pigs (older English term: swine). A shepherd is a person who cares for sheep. A goatherd cares for goats. A cowherd cares for cattle. In previous years, it was common to have herds which were made up of sheep and goats. In this case, the person tending them was called a shepherd. Camels are also cared for in herds. In Tibet yaks are herded. In Latin America Llamas, and Alpacas are herded.
In more modern times, the cowboys or vaqueros of North and South America ride horses and participate in cattle drives to watch over cows and bulls raised primarily for food. In Australia many herds are managed by farmers on motorbikes and in helicopters.
Today, herd managers often oversee thousands of animals and many staff. Farms and ranches may employ breeders, herd health specialists, feeders, and milkers to help care for the animals. Techniques such as artificial insemination and embryo transfer are frequently used, not only as methods to guarantee that females are bred but to help improve herd genetics. This in turn improves the ability of the animals to convert feed to meat, milk or fiber more efficiently and improve the quality of the final product.
Ethical Implications of Animal Husbandry
Some techniques of animal husbandry such as factory farming have been attacked by animal welfare groups such as Compassion In World Farming and farmers who use more traditional or organic practices. The animal rights movement has been quite vocal in its criticism of systems of animal agriculture.
Some domesticated species of animals, such as the vechur cow, are rare breeds and are endangered. They are the subject of conservation efforts.
See also
- Aquaculture
- Beekeeping
- Breeder
- Cuniculture
- Dog breeding
- Factory farming
- Horse breeding
- Poultry
- Pastoral nomads
- Shepherding
- Transhumance
- Animal keeping
External links
de:Tierhaltung es:Ganadería eo:Bredado fr:Élevage io:Edukado ja:畜産 pt:Pecuária sl:Živinoreja sv:Djurskötsel zh:畜牧业 he:גידול בעלי חיים