Hawker-Siddeley Hawk

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Image:Hawk.trainer.arp.750pix.jpg The Hawker-Siddeley Hawk is an advanced jet trainer which first flew in 1974 and is produced today as the BAE Hawk. It is extensively used by the British Royal Air Force, and other air forces, as either a trainer or a low-cost combat aircraft.

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History

In 1964 the Royal Air Force specified a requirement for a new initial jet trainer to replace the Folland Gnat. The SEPECAT Jaguar was originally intended for this role, but it was soon realised that it would be too complex an aircraft for initial jet training. Accordingly, in 1968 Hawker Siddeley Aviation began the design of a much simpler strictly subsonic trainer, the HS.1182. It was to have tandem seating and would be capable of carrying armaments, which would enable it to be used as a weapons trainer and in light combat roles.

Renamed "Hawk" in 1973, the aircraft first flew in 1974. It entered RAF service in April 1976, replacing the Gnat and Hawker Hunter in the advanced training and weapons training roles respectively.

The following year Hawker Siddeley was merged with other British aircraft companies to form British Aerospace (BAe), which subsequently became BAE Systems.

The most famous RAF operator of the Hawk is the Red Arrows aerobatic team, which adopted the plane in 1979. The Hawk has excellent manoeuvrability, and while it is not capable of supersonic speed in level flight, it can attain Mach 1.2 in a dive, allowing trainees to experience transsonic handling without the cost of a supersonic trainer.

The Hawk subsequently replaced the English Electric Canberra in the target towing role. The Royal Navy acquired a dozen Hawk T.Mk 1/1As from the RAF, for use as aerial targets for the training of ships gunners and radar operators.

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Variants

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Hawk T.1/T.1A

The T.1 was the original version used by the RAF, deliveries commencing in November 1976. The UK ordered 176 T1s.

From 1983 to 1986, some Hawks were equipped for the short-range interception role. 88 T.1s were modified to carry two AIM-9L Sidewinder air-to-air missiles in addition to the centerline gun pod for a single 30 mm ADEN cannon. These aircraft were designated T.1A. In the event of war, they would have worked in collaboration with Tornado F.3 aircraft, which would use their Foxhunter search radars to vector the radarless Hawks against enemy targets. Such missions would have been flown by instructor pilots. Conversions were completed in 1986. With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, RAF Hawks are no longer tasked with this role.

80 T.1s are being upgraded under the Fuselage Replacement Programme (FRP), which involves the replacement of the aft centre and rear fuselage sections, using new build sections derived from the Mk. 60.

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Hawk 50

The Hawk 50 was the original export trainer version, from which the T-45 Goshawk was derived. The Mk.50 offered a limited attack capability. Finland, Indonesia and Kenya ordered 89 of this variant.

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Hawk 60

Another export version, replacing the Hawk 50, intended for conversion and weapons training. Weapons carriage is increased. It is a two-seater, has uprated Rolls-Royce Adour 861 engines, and is capable of a level speed at altitude of 555 knots (1028 km/h) or Mach 0.84.

  • Hawk 60 - Export version for the Air Force of Zimbabwe. Eight aircraft were delivered to Zimbabwe in July and October of 1982.
  • Hawk 60A - Export version for the Air Force of Zimbabwe. Five aircraft were delivered to Zimbabe in June and September of 1992.
  • Hawk 61 - Export version for Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Air Force
  • Hawk 63 - Export version for Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Air Force.
  • Hawk 64 - Export version for the Kuwaiti Air Force.
  • Hawk 65 - Export version for the Royal Saudi Arabian Air Force.
  • Hawk 66 - Export version for the Swiss Air Force.
  • Hawk 67 - Export version for the South Korean Air Force.
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Hawk 100

Image:BAeSystemsHawk102D.jpg

A two-seat advanced weapons trainer with additional avionics, including forward looking infrared, a redesigned wing and HOTAS.

  • Hawk 102 - Export version for Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Air Force.
  • Hawk 103 - Export version for the Royal Air Force Of Oman.
  • Hawk 108 - Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.
  • Hawk 109 - Export version for the Indonesian Air Force.
  • Hawk 115 - Export version for the Canadian Forces, also designated CT-155 in Canadian service.

Image:HawkMk120.jpg

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Hawk 120/LIFT

The Hawk Lead In Fighter Trainer (LIFT) is the version selected by the South African Air Force in December 1999. This variant is powered by the Adour 951. The LIFT benefits from development carried out for the Australian Mk.127. The next generation Hawks (120, 127 and 128) feature a new wing, forward and centre fuselage, fin and tailplane. The aircraft have only 10% commonality with the existing first generation aircraft. The new variants also have four times the fatigue life of the original aircraft. 24 aircraft will be delivered.

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Hawk 127

Image:BAe Hawk Mk127 76 Sqn RAAF 1.jpg Thirty three Hawk 127 Lead in Fighters (LIFs) were ordered by the Royal Australian Air Force in June 1997, twelve of which were produced in the UK and twenty one in Australia. This variant is also powered by the Adour 871. The Hawk 127 is operated by No. 76 (New South Wales) and No. 79 (Western Australia) Squadrons of the RAAF.

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Hawk 128

The Hawk 128 is the new Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) for the RAF and Royal Navy. The Mk.128 includes modern CRT displays instead of conventional instrumentation, and allows preparation for flying modern fighter aircraft, particularly the all "glass" Typhoon. It has Rolls-Royce Adour 951 engines. BAE funded development of the 128, building on the design of the Australian Mk.127 and the South African Mk.120s. The MoD have ordered 20 aircraft with an option for 24 more.

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Hawk 129

The Hawk 129 is a variant for the Royal Bahraini Air Force(RBAF). Six aircraft were ordered in 2002 for delivery in 2006.

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Hawk 132

The latest export variant of the Hawk (previously described as the Mk.115Y). The Mk.132 is destined to enter service with the Indian Air Force (IAF) after one of the most protracted procurement processes in history, with two decades having elapsed between the initial interest and the contract signing on March 26 2004. The IAF will receive 24 aircraft directly from BAE Systems starting in 2007 and another 42 will be assembled by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. during 2008-10. The Indian Navy is also likely to order a small number. Further orders will be a function of how quickly India is able to develop the Combat Air Trainer, a twin-engined trainer derived from the HAL HJT-36 Sitara, whose model was displayed at the Aero India 2005 air show in February 2005.

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Hawk 200

The Hawk 200 is a single seat, lightweight multirole combat fighter with emphasis on air defence, air superiority, anti-shipping, air-denial, long range interdiction, short range close air support, strike with smart weapons and a lead-in trainer for aircraft such as the Eurofighter Typhoon, F-15, F-16, Tornado, and Gripen to name a few. The aircraft is fitted with an advance version of the F-16A APG-66 radar with multimode systems. The aircraft is able to be equipped with the deadly AIM-9 Sidewinder, though, if upgraded, it can be equipped with the AIM-120 AMRAAM and the Helmet mounted cueing system for missiles.

The Hawk performs well in every aspect, though it is much superior than the AMX of Italy and Brazil in respect to air-combat. It is a very highly agile fighter though the negative is its maximum speed of less than 700 mph.

An expensive fighter to purchase, it provide low cost of operation to nations who are lucky enough to order the type. It has seen excellent service records in the hands of the Oman, Malaysia and Indonesia. The Malaysian aircraft has the most extensive modification to the aircraft with illumination lime lights, wingtip AAMs and inflight refuelling. Its aircraft have been involved in major long-range deployments to areas such as Sabah and the Spratly Islands. Indonesia, Malaysia and Oman have ordered 62 aircraft.

  • Hawk 203 - Export version for the Royal Air Force Of Oman.
  • Hawk 205 - Propose export version for the Royal Saudi Arabian Air Force.
  • Hawk 208 - Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force.
  • Hawk 209 - Export version for the Indonesian Air Force.

Image:T-45 Goshawk.jpg

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T-45 Goshawk

A fully carrier-capable version of the Hawk Mk.50 was developed for the United States Navy for use in training. This version is known as the T-45 Goshawk. It first flew in 1989 and became operational in 1991. Several modifications were required by the Navy for carrier operations, including improvements to the low-speed handling characteristics and a reduction in the approach speed. The Goshawk was manufactured originally by McDonnell Douglas and later by Boeing. The name Goshawk was given to avoid confusion with the MIM-23 Hawk missile.

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Notes

The stepped cockpit, allowing the instructor in the rear seat a good forward view, was an innovation adopted by other training aircraft.

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Current Air Forces and Units using the Hawk

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Former Air Forces and Units using the Hawk

  • Swiss Air Force (Hawks withdrawn from use in 2002 and stored)
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Specifications (Hawk 128)

Image:BAe Hawk 128 3-view.gif {{airtemp |plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=jet |ref=Royal Air Force,<ref name=raf>Template:Cite web</ref> BAE Systems,<ref name=bae>Template:Cite web</ref> and Air Vectors<ref name=goebel>Template:Cite web</ref> |crew=2: student, instructor

  • Cost: ~ $18,000,000 US (Hawk 132, as sold to India in 2003)

    |length main=40 ft 9 in |length alt=12.43 m |span main=32 ft 7 in |span alt=9.94 m |height main=13 ft 1 in |height alt=3.98 m |area main=179.64 ft² |area alt=16.70 mt² |empty weight main=9,877 lb |empty weight alt=4,480 kg |loaded weight main= |loaded weight alt= |useful load main=6,614 lb |useful load alt=3,000 kg |max takeoff weight main=20,062 lb |max takeoff weight alt=9,100 kg

    |engine (jet)=Rolls-Royce Adour Mk.951 |type of jet=turbofan with FADEC |number of jets=1 |thrust main=6,500 lbf |thrust alt=29 kN

    |max speed main=.84 Mach |max speed alt=638 mph, 1,028 km/h |max speed more=at altitude |never exceed speed main=1.2 Mach |range main=1,360 nm |range alt=1,565 mi, 2,520 km |ceiling main=44,500 ft |ceiling alt=13,565 m |climb rate main=9,300 ft/min |climb rate alt=47 m/s |loading main= lb/ft² |loading alt= kg/m² |thrust/weight=0.47

    |armament=

    Note: all armament is optional.
    • Guns: 1× 30 mm ADEN cannon, in centreline pod
    • Up to 6,800 lb (3,085 kg) of weapons on five hardpoints
      • Missiles: 4× AIM-9 Sidewinder or ASRAAM on wing pylons and wingtip rails
      • T.1 normally 1,500 lb (680 kg) on centreline and two wing pylons

    }}

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    References

    <references/>

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    External links

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    Related content

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