Tighina

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(Redirected from Bendery)

Tighina or Bender (Russian: Бендеры; Moldovan Cyrillic: Тигина) is a city in Transnistria, a breakaway region of Moldova. Its geographical location is Template:Coor dm, population was 142,000 at the census in 2005.

Along with Dubasari and Grigoriopol, Tighina is one of the Transnistrian cities with a very large Romanian population.

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History

The Tighina Fortress was first mentioned as an important customs post in a commerce grant issued by Moldavian hospodar Alexandru cel Bun to merchants from Lvov on October 8 1408. The document is written in Old East Slavic and the place is named "Тягянакача" (Tyagyanakacha). The name Tighina is seen in documents since the second half of the 15th century.

In 1538, the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the fortress and renamed it Bender. In the 18th century, the fort's area was expanded and modernized by the prince of Moldavia Antioh Cantemir, who carried out these works under the Ottoman supervision. In 1713, the fortress was the site of a skirmish (kalabalik) between Charles XII of Sweden, who had taken refuge there with Cossack leader Ivan Stepanovich Mazepa after their failed attack on Russia, and Turks who wished to take him hostage and exploit the political difficulties of central Europe. Tighina fell three times to the Russians during the Russo-Turkish Wars, was annexed alongside with Bessarabia to Russia in 1812 and remained in Russian hands until 1918. As a part of Bessarabia, Tighina belonged to Romania between 1918 and 1940, temporary also between 1941 and 1944. During the War of Transnistria most of the fighting was concentrated in the city for its key strategic location defending Tiraspol from the right bank of Dniester river. Tighina is controlled by the breakaway Transnistrian government.