Dunedin
From Free net encyclopedia
- For other uses, see Dunedin (disambiguation).
| Dunedin | Image:Dunedin.PNG | |
|---|---|---|
| Urban Area | Population | 119,600 |
| Extent | Mosgiel to Port Chalmers | |
| Territorial Authority |
Name | Dunedin City |
| Population | 122,100 | |
| Land area | 3314.8km² | |
| Extent | urban area, and out as far as Middlemarch, Waikouaiti and the Taieri River |
|
| Regional Council |
Name | Otago |
Dunedin is the second-largest city in the South Island of New Zealand, located in coastal Otago. It is New Zealand's fifth largest city after Auckland , Wellington , Christchurch and Hamilton. It is Known in Māori as Ōtepoti, the city stands on the hills and valleys surrounding the head of Otago Harbour. The harbour and hills are the remnants of an extinct volcano. Dunedin is the home of the University of Otago.
Contents |
History
The Lay Association of the Free Church of Scotland founded Dunedin in 1848 as a Scottish settlement. The town's name comes from Dùn Èideann, the Scottish Gaelic name for Edinburgh, the Scottish capital. The city founders designed the street layout and names to closely match that of Edinburgh, and some quirky streets were created with little consideration for topography.
The University of Otago, the oldest university in New Zealand, was founded in Dunedin in 1869. Dunedin became wealthy during the Central Otago goldrush which began at Gabriel's Gully near Lawrence in 1861. Between 1881 and 1957, Dunedin was home to the Dunedin cable trams, being both one of the first and last such systems operated anywhere in the world. During the 20th century, influence and activity moved north to the other centres ("the drift north"), but by the end of the century Dunedin had re-established its identity as a centre of excellence in tertiary education and research.
Image:Dunedin Railway Station.jpg
Modern Dunedin
Dunedin has flourishing niche industries including engineering, software engineering, bio-technology and fashion. Port Chalmers on Otago Harbour provides Dunedin with deep-water port facilities. The port is served by the Port Chalmers Branch, a branch line railway that diverges from the Main South Line that runs from Christchurch via Dunedin to Invercargill.
The cityscape glitters with gems of Victorian and Edwardian architecture - the legacy of the city's gold-rush affluence - many including First Church and Larnach Castle designed by one of New Zealand's most eminent architects R A Lawson. Other prominent buildings include Olveston and the magnificent Dunedin Railway Station. Other not-to-be missed attractions include the world's steepest street (Baldwin Street), the famous Captain Cook Tavern, and the local Speight's brewery. Tourists and students alike appreciate tours of the Cadbury chocolate factory.
Dunedin is also notable now as centre for ecotourism. Uniquely, the world's only mainland royal albatross colony and several penguin and seal colonies lie within the city boundaries on Otago Peninsula. To the south of Dunedin, located on the western side of Lake Waihola, lie the Sinclair Wetlands.
The thriving tertiary student population has led to Dunedin having a vibrant youth culture, which came to prominence with the "Dunedin Sound" bands of the 1980s (such as The Chills, The Clean, Straitjacket Fits, and The Verlaines), and more recently a burgeoning boutique fashion industry. A very strong visual arts community lives in Dunedin and its environs.
Image:St Clair Beach, Dunedin, New Zealand.jpg
Sport is catered for in Dunedin by the floodlit rugby and cricket venue of Carisbrook, a soccer and athletics stadium (the New Caledonian Ground) at Logan Park, close to the University, and numerous golf courses and parks. There is also a horseracing circuit in the south of the city (Forbury Park). Saint Clair Beach, on the city's Pacific shore, is a well-known surfing venue.
The climate is moderate. Winter can be frosty, but significant snowfall is uncommon (perhaps every two or three years), except in the inland hill suburbs such as Halfway Bush and Wakari. Spring can feature "four seasons in a day" weather, but from November to April it is generally settled and mild.
Dunedin features the world's most southern motorway: this 10 kilometre divided highway section of State Highway One (SH1) runs from the centre of the city to the southern suburb of Mosgiel.
Although Dunedin's railway station, once the nation's busiest, is no longer served by regular commercial passenger trains, it is used by tourist services. The most prominent of these is the Taieri Gorge Limited, a popular and famous train operated daily by the Taieri Gorge Railway along a preserved portion of the former Otago Central Railway through the scenic Taieri Gorge. The station is also sometimes visited by excursions organised by other heritage railway societies, as well as trains chartered by cruise ships docking in Port Chalmers.
Local media in Dunedin include the daily newspaper The Otago Daily Times, several local weekly and bi-weekly community newspapers, local radio stations (including the University's station, Radio One), and Channel 9 a local television station.
Geography
Image:Otago harbour landsat.jpg Dunedin City has a land area of 3314.8 km2, about 10% larger than Cambridgeshire, England, and a little smaller than Cornwall. It is the largest city in land area in New Zealand. The Dunedin City Council boundaries since 1989 have extended to Middlemarch in the west, Waikouaiti in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east and south-east, and Henley and Taieri Mouth in the south-west.
Dunedin is also home to Baldwin Street, the steepest street in the world according to the Guinness Book of Records, with a slope of 1:2.9 (i.e. for every 2.9 m horizontally the street rises 1 m). The long-since abandoned Maryhill Cablecar route had a similar gradient close to its Mornington depot. The Dunedin skyline is dominated by a ring of hills which form the remnants of a volcanic crater. Notable among these hills are Mount Cargill (700 m), Flagstaff (680 m), Saddle Hill (480 m), and Harbour Cone (320 m).
The heart of the city lies on the relatively flat land to the west of the head of the Otago Harbour. Here is located The Octagon - once a swamp, it was drained in the late 19th century to create a city centre. The initial settlement of the city took place to the north of this swamp and further south on the other side of Bell Hill, a large outcrop which had to be excavated in order to provide easy access between the two parts of the settlement. Today, the central city stretches away from this point in a largely northeast-southwest direction, with the main streets of George Street and Princes Street meeting at The Octagon. Here they are joined by Stuart Street, which runs orthogonal to them, from the Dunedin Railway Station in the southeast, and steeply up to the suburb of Roslyn in the northwest. Many of the older, more established buildings in the city are located towards the northern end of this central area on the floodplains of the Water of Leith, and on the inner ring of lower hills which surround the central city (most of these hills, such as Māori Hill, Pine Hill, and Maryhill, rise to some 200 metres above the plain).
List of Dunedin suburbs
For information on individual suburbs, see Suburbs of Dunedin, New Zealand
Inner suburbs
(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)
Woodhaugh; Dalmore; Pine Hill; Dunedin North; North East Valley; Opoho; Ravensbourne; Highcliff; Vauxhall; Waverley; Shiel Hill; Anderson's Bay; Ocean Grove (Tomahawk); Tainui; Musselburgh; South Dunedin; St. Kilda; St. Clair; Corstorphine; Kew; Forbury; Caversham; Concord; Maryhill; Mornington; Belleknowes; Brockville; Halfway Bush; Roslyn; Kaikorai; Wakari; Māori Hill; Glenleith.
Outer suburbs
(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)
St. Leonards; Broad Bay; Macandrew Bay; Waldronville; Green Island; Abbotsford; Concord; Fairfield.
Towns within Dunedin City limits
(clockwise from the city centre, starting at due north)
Waitati; Warrington; Waikouaiti; Karitane; Purakanui, Port Chalmers; Sawyers Bay, Otakou;Portobello; Brighton; Taieri Mouth; Henley; Allanton; East Taieri; Momona, Mosgiel; Outram; Middlemarch.
Technically, since council reorganisation in the late 1980s these are suburbs, but all are known throughout Dunedin as towns or townships, and none has the usual qualities associated with suburbs. All are separated by a considerable distance of open countryside from the central Dunedin urban area. Anyone describing these places as "suburbs" to a Dunedinite will be met with a puzzled expression.
Panoramas
Noted inhabitants
The arts
- Thomas Bracken (21 December 1843 -- 16 February 1898), the noted late-19th century poet who wrote the New Zealand National Anthem God Defend New Zealand and who was the first person to publish the phrase "God's Own Country".
- Illustrator and engraver John Buckland Wright.
- Māori sculptor Carissa Proffit (b 1974), who works in Oamaru stone.
- Nobel Prize short-listee Janet Frame, born there in 1924, died there in 2004: NZ Edge biography
- Writer James K. Baxter was born in Dunedin in 1926 and wrote many of his plays there in the '60s in association with Rosalie and Patric Carey's Globe Theatre.
- Cartoonist David Low lived in Dunedin before making his fame in London.
- Caricature artist Murray Webb remains a resident.
- Māori painter Ralph Hotere lives and works in Port Chalmers.
- Painters Grahame Sydney, Jeffrey Harris and Claire Beynon all live in Dunedin.
- Actor Sam Neill has close associations with Dunedin.
- Playwright Roger Hall lived and wrote in Dunedin for several years.
- Prominent architects Francis Petre and Robert Lawson both lived and worked in Dunedin.
- Many of New Zealand’s top bands of the 1980s and early 1990s started out in Dunedin, establishing the Dunedin Sound. These include The Chills, The Clean, Straitjacket Fits, Sneaky Feelings, The 3Ds and Toy Love, and musicians Martin Phillipps and David Kilgour.
- The Malaysian novelist John Ling is a resident.
Politics and business
- A large proportion of the country's leading companies in and beyond the 20th century originated in Dunedin. A selection of relevant company or brand names includes Arthur Barnett, Donaghy, Fletcher, Fulton Hogan, Hallenstein, Methven, Mosgiel, NZI, Ravensdown, Wests, Whitcoulls, and Wrightson.
- The Bell Tea Company was founded here in 1898 and still has one of its factories in Hope Street.
- Deputy Prime Minister (since 1999) Michael Cullen was Member of Parliament for the Dunedin electorate of Saint Kilda from 1981 until 1999.
Science
- Tramway and mining engineer George Smith Duncan was born in Dunedin in 1852, attended the University of Otago and was instrumental in building the Dunedin cable tramway system.
- Two of the founders of modern plastic surgery, Harold Gillies and Archibald McIndoe were born in Dunedin in 1882 and 1900 respectively.
- Popular email program Pegasus Mail was written by David Harris while he was employed by the University of Otago.
Sport
- World record-breaking middle-distance athlete Jack Lovelock lived in the city, as did Olympic champions long jumper Yvette (nee. Williams) Corlett and swimmer Danyon Loader.
- Other sporting celebrities to have lived in Dunedin include cricketers Glenn Turner and Clarrie Grimmett, netballer Lois Muir, yachtsman Russell Coutts and double international (cricket and rugby) Jeff Wilson.
Military
- Keith Park - WW1 Air Ace, later Air Marshall, a three star General rank, in the defense of London.
- Duncan Boyes, English recipient of the Victoria Cross, 1864-Japan, was buried in Dunedin in 1869.
Events
Annual events
- January - Whare Flat Folk Festival
- January - Southern Festival of Speed classic car road-race
- February - New Zealand Masters Games (Biennial event)
- February - University of Otago & Otago Polytechnic Orientation Weeks
- February - Dunedin Summer Festival
- March - Vodafone Id DunedinFashion Show
- May - Capping Week (University of Otago)
- May - Dunedin Film Festival
- May - Otago Rally
- May - Regent Theatre 24-hour book sale (reputedly the world's largest regularly-held second-hand book sale)
- July - New Zealand International Science Festival (every second year)
- July - Gay Pride Month
- July - Taste Otago Dunedin Food and Wine Festival
- July - Cadbury Chocolate Carnival
- July - International Film Festival
- September - Samstock Music Festival
- October - Otago Festival of the Arts (and Fringe Festival) - every second year
- October - Rhododendron Week
- December - Santa Parade
- December - New Years Eve Party Octagon
Past events
- 1865 - New Zealand Exhibition (1865)
- 1889 - New Zealand and South Seas Exhibition (1889)
- 1898 - Otago Jubilee Industrial Exhibition (1898)
- 1925 - New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition (1925)
- 1948 - Centennial celebrations
- 1998 - 150th anniversary celebrations
Prominent Dunedin buildings and landmarks
- Dunedin Railway Station
- Larnach Castle
- Cargill's Castle
- Hocken Library
- Moana Pool
- Cadbury World
- Olveston
- Speight's Brewery
- Carisbrook
- Dunedin Public Library
- University of Otago registry building
Churches
Places of education
Tertiary
Secondary
- Otago Boys High School
- Otago Girls High School
- Columba College
- St. Hilda's Collegiate School
- John McGlashan High School
- Kavanagh College
- Bayfield High School
- Logan Park High School
- Kaikorai Valley College
- King's High School
- Queen's High School
- Taieri College
Intermediate
- Balmacewan Intermediate School
- Macandrew Intermediate School
- George Street Normal School
- Tahuna Normal Intermediate School
- Dunedin North Intermediate School
Primary
Dunedin International Airport
Dunedin International Airport is located southwest of the city on the Taieri Plains at Momona. It is primarily a domestic terminal, with regular flights to and from Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington, Rotorua, Palmerston North, and seasonal flights to and from Queenstown, Wanaka, and Fiordland, but it also has regular international flights arriving from and departing to Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, and Coolangatta.
Twinning
Dunedin maintains cultural, economic and educational ties with Edinburgh, Scotland. It is also twinned with Otaru, Japan, and Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
More information
- The city was possibly the origin of the first Anzac biscuits.
- Dunedin was the city in which Speights beer was first brewed.
- Dunedin is the most remote city in the world from London (19100 km, 90 km more than Invercargill, and 100 km more than Christchurch) and from Berlin (18200 km). So if a European person wants to visit a remote place, this is the city to visit.
External links
- City of Dunedin official website
- Template:Wikitravel
- Local Television, Channel 9 Dunedin
- Local Newspaper, The Otago Daily Times
- Profiles of relevant websites categorised geographically
- Dunedin Tourism official Website
- Tourism Dunedin
- Dunedin Directory and Information website
- Cadbury Factory
- Dunedin International Airport
- Dunedin College of Education
- Dunedin Public Art Gallery
- Dunedin Brewery
Further reading
- Bishop, G. & Hamel, A. (1993). From sea to silver peaks. Dunedin: John McIndoe. ISBN 0-86868-149-0.
- Dann, C. & Peat, N. (1989). Dunedin, North and South Otago. Wellington, NZ: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01438-0.
- Herd, J. & Griffiths, G. J. (1980). Discovering Dunedin. Dunedin: John McIndoe. ISBN 0-86868-030-3.