Early Cyrillic alphabet

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The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language.

With Christianity having been made the official state religion in 864, Knyaz (Prince) Boris I commissioned the creation of the alphabet. Clement of Ohrid developed the alphabet and named it after his teacher, St. Cyril, a missionary who, along with his brother, Methodius, is credited for inventing the Glagolitic alphabet, an earlier Slavic alphabet and an influence on this one. The alphabet also shows influence from the Greek, Latin, and even the Hebrew alphabet.

In the following centuries, the Cyrillic alphabet adapted to changes in spoken language, developed regional variations to suit the features of national languages, and was subjected to academic reforms and political decrees. Variations of the Cyrillic alphabet are used to write languages throughout Eastern Europe and Asia. Template:IPA notice

Contents

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The alphabet

Image Unicode Name
(Cyrillic) 		Name
(transliterated) 		Name
(IPA) 		Transliteration IPA Notes
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Azu.png А а АЗЪ azǔ Template:IPA a Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Buky.png Б б БѸКИ buky Template:IPA b Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Viedi.png В в ВѢДИ vědě Template:IPA v Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Glagoli.png Г г ГЛАГОЛИ glagoli Template:IPA g Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dobro.png Д д ДОБРО dobro Template:IPA d Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yesti.png Є є ѤСТЬ estǐ Template:IPA e Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zhiviete.png Ж ж ЖИВѢТЄ živěte Template:IPA ž, zh Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dzelo.png Ѕ ѕ ЅѢЛО dzělo Template:IPA dz, Z Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Zemlia.png З з ЗЄМЛIА zeml’ja Template:IPA z Template:IPA See note 1
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhe.png И и ИЖЄ iže Template:IPA i Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter I.png І і / Ї ї И i Template:IPA i, I Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Kako.png К к КАКО kako Template:IPA k Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Liudiye.png Л л ЛЮДИѤ ljudije Template:IPA l Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Myslite.png М м МЫСЛИТЄ mūslite Template:IPA m Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Nashi.png Н н НАШЬ našǐ Template:IPA n Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Onu.png О о ОНЪ onǔ Template:IPA o Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Pokoi.png П п ПОКОИ pokoi Template:IPA p Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ritsi.png Р р РЬЦИ rǐci Template:IPA r Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Slovo.png С с СЛОВО slovo Template:IPA s Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido.png Т т ТВРЬДО tvrǐdo Template:IPA t Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Uku.png Ѹ ѹ ѸКЪ ukǔ Template:IPA u Template:IPA See note 2
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fritu.png Ф ф ФРЬТЪ frǐtǔ Template:IPA f Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Khieru.png Х х ХѢРЪ xěrǔ Template:IPA? x Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Otu.png Ѡ ѡ ОТЪ otǔ Template:IPA ō, w Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tsi.png Ц ц ЦИ ci Template:IPA c Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Chrivi.png Ч ч ЧРЬВЬ červ Template:IPA č, ch Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Sha.png Ш ш ША ša Template:IPA š, sh Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Shta.png Щ щ ШТА šta Template:IPA št, sht, šč, shch Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeru.png Ъ ъ ѤРЪ jerǔ Template:IPA ǔ, u: Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yery.png Ы ы ѤРЫ jerū Template:IPA ū Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yeri.png Ь ь ѤРЬ jerǐ Template:IPA ǐ, i: Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yati.png Ѣ ѣ ЯТЬ jatǐ Template:IPA ě, je Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yu.png Ю ю Ю ju Template:IPA ju Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ya.png Я я (И)Я ja Template:IPA ja Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy.png Ѧ ѧ ѦСЪ ęsǔ Template:IPA ę, ẽ Template:IPA See note 3
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Maliy Yotirovaniy.png Ѩ ѩ ѨСЪ jęsǔ Template:IPA ję, jẽ Template:IPA See note 4
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy.png Ѫ ѫ ѪСЪ ǫsǔ Template:IPA ǫ, õ Template:IPA See note 5
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Yusu Bolshiy Yotirovaniy.png Ѭ ѭ ѬСЪ jǫsǔ Template:IPA jǫ, jõ Template:IPA See note 6
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ksi.png Ѯ ѯ КСИ ksi Template:IPA ks Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Psi.png Ѱ ѱ ПСИ psi Template:IPA ps Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Fita.png Ѳ ѳ ФИТА fita Template:IPA θ, th, T, F Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Izhitsa.png Ѵ ѵ ИЖИЦА ižica Template:IPA ü Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Ye.png Ѥ ѥ (И)Ѥ jeː Template:IPA jeː Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Dierv.png Ћ ћ ДѤРВ đerv, djerv Template:IPA đ, dj Template:IPA See note 7
Image:Early Cyrillic letter Tvrido Otu.png Ѿ ѿ ОТЪ otǔ Template:IPA ōt, wt Template:IPA
Image:Early Cyrillic letter O.png   See note 8
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Notes

  1. Zemlya: The first form developed into the second.
  2. Ouku: The first form developed into a vertical ligature, shown in the second form.
  3. Ęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ (jusǔ malūj).
  4. Jęsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ МАЛЫЙ ЙОТИРОВАННЫЙ (jusǔ malūj jotirovannūj). This glyph is rare.
  5. Ǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШОЙ (jusǔ bol'šoj). This glyph is rare.
  6. Jǫsǔ: In Russian, this glyph is called ЮСЪ БОЛЬШОЙ ЙОТИРОВАННЫЙ (jusǔ bol'šoj jotirovannūj). This glyph is rare.
  7. Đerv: This letter is present in the Glagolitic alphabet, but its sound had disappeared by the time Cyrillic started to be used. In Russian, Gherv or Dzherv is only used in modern scientific texts where Cyrillic is used to transliterate Glagolitic; the character is found in some Balkan languages, notably the languages of the former Yugoslavia.
  8. Ornate omega: The name of this glyph is unknown; it would seem to be used in interjections, especially before vocatives.
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Numerals, diacritics and punctuation

Each letter also had a numeric value, inherited from the corresponding Greek letter. A titlo over a sequence of letters indicated their use as a number. See Cyrillic numerals, Titlo.

Several diacritics, adopted from Polytonic Greek orthography, were also used (these may not appear correctly in all web browsers; they are supposed to be directly above the letter, not off to its upper right):

Punctuation marks:

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See also

Template:Commons

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References

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