Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
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Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster (c. 1306 – 24 March 1361) was a member of the English royal family in the 14th century, and was a prominent English diplomat, politician, and soldier.
Henry was born to Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth. He became a soldier in the English Army. He led various campaigns in Scotland and France (the Hundred Years' War), before orchestrating a monumental (but temporary) peace treaty with France. This placed him in favorable light with the King of England, Edward III of England. Throughout his life, he held many honours, including: Earl of Derby, Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester, Earl of Lincoln, and Duke of Lancaster; he was also a founding Knight of the Garter and Lord High Steward to Edward III.
In 1354 he wrote the Livre de Seyntz Medicines. This was a work written in the form of a prayer in which Henry confesses to his sins, explains various real and mythical medical remedies in terms of their theological symbolism, and exhorts the reader to greater morality. It is organized around seven wounds which Henry claims to have, representing the seven sins. It is notable for its extremely personal character, and as an example of the melding of French and English following the Norman conquest.
He married Isabel de Beaumont, and they had two children:
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