International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda

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The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) (French: Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda, Kinyarwanda: Urukiko Nshinjabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwagenewe u Rwanda) is an international court under the auspices of the United Nations for the prosecution of offenses committed in Rwanda during the genocide which occurred there during April, 1994, commencing on April 6.

It was created on November 8, 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in order to judge those people responsible for the acts of genocide and other serious violations of the international law performed in the territory of Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between January 1 and December 31, 1994.

It was set up by the UN Security Council following the resolutions:

By Resolution 977 on February 22, 1995 , the Security Council decided that the seat of the Tribunal would be located in Arusha, Tanzania. (s:UN_Security Council Resolution 977)

The tribunal has jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, which are defined as violations of Common Article Three of the Geneva Conventions (dealing with war crimes committed during internal conflicts).

So far, the Tribunal has finished nineteen trials and convicted twenty five accused persons. Another twenty five persons are still on trial. Ninteen are awaiting trial in detention. Ten are still at large. The first trial, of Jean-Paul Akayesu, began in 1997. Jean Kambanda, interim Prime Minister, pled guilty. All trial are to be completed by the end of 2008. For more information, see International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

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Trial against "hate media"

The trial against "hate media" began on October 23, 2000. It is charged with the prosecution of the media which encouraged the genocide of 1994.

On August 19, 2003, at the tribunal in Arusha, life sentences were requested for Ferdinand Nahimana, and Jean Bosco Barayagwiza, persons in charge for the Radio Télévision Libre de Mille Collines, as well as Hassan Ngeze, director and editor of the Kangur newspaper. They are charged with genocide, incitement to genocide, and crimes against humanity, before and during the period of the genocides of 1994. On 3 December 2003, the court found all three defendants guilty and sentenced Nahimana and Ngeze to life imprisonment and Barayagwiza to imprisonment for 35 years. The case is currently on appeal.

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Membership

The Tribunal consists of 16 Judges in four "chambers" - three to hear trials, and one to hear appeals. In addition, there are 9 ad litem judges, making 25 in all. At present, all 9 ad litem judges are assigned to Chambers II and III. There is an additional pool of 9 further ad litem judges who may be called on in the case of a judge being absent.

The column denoted by # indicates the order of precedence.

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Trial Chamber I

#JudgeCountry of OriginStatus
1.Erik MøseNorwayPresident ICTR, Presiding Judge, Trial Chamber I
10.Jai Ram ReddyFijimember
11.Sergei Alekseevich EgorovRussiamember


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Trial Chamber II

#JudgeCountry of OriginStatus
4.William SekuleTanzaniaPresiding Judge, Trial Chamber II
9.Arlette RamarosonMadagascarmember
16.Joseph Asoka Nihal De SilvaSri Lankamember
17.Solomy Balungi BossaUgandaad litem
19.Lee Gacugia MuthogaKenyaad litem
21.Emile Francis ShortGhanaad litem
23.Taghrid HikmetJordanad litem
24.Seon Ki ParkSouth Koreaad litem


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Trial Chamber III

#JudgeCountry of OriginStatus
2.Inés Mónica Weinberg de RocaArgentinaPresiding Judge, Trial Chamber III
14.Khalida Rachid KhanPakistanmember
15.Charles Michael Dennis ByronSaint Kitts and Nevismember
18.Flavia LattanziItalyad litem
22.Florence Rita ArreyCameroonad litem
24.Karin HökborgSwedenad litem
25.Gberdao Gustave KamBurkina Fasoad litem


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Appeals Chamber

#JudgeCountry of OriginStatus
3.Theodor MeronUnited StatesPresiding Judge, Appeals Chamber
5.Mohamed ShahabuddeenGuyanamember
6.Florence MumbaZambiamember
7.Mehmet GüneyTurkeymember
8.Fausto PocarItalymember
12.Wolfgang SchomburgGermanymember
13.Andrésia VazSenegalmember
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Office of the Prosecutor

The Office of the Prosecutor is divided into two Sections:

  • The Investigation Section is responsible for collecting evidence implicating individuals in crimes committed in Rwanda in 1994.
  • The Prosecution Section is responsible for prosecuting all cases before the Tribunal.

Hassan Bubacar Jallow of the Gambia is the current Prosecutor of the ICTR. He has previously served as the Gambia's Attorney-General and Minister of Justice from 1984 to 1994, and subsequently as a Judge of Supreme Court of the Gambia from 1998 to 2002. He was appointed by the Security Council on September 15, 2003 to replace Carla del Ponte.

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The Registry

The Registry is responsible for the overall administration and management of the ICTR. It also performs other legal functions assigned to it by the Tribunal’s Rules of Procedure and Evidence, and is the Tribunal’s channel of communication.

The Registry is headed by the Registrar, who is the Representative of the UN Secretary-General. Adama Dieng of Senegal is the present Registrar. He took office in March, 2001.

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See also

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External links

es:Tribunal Penal Internacional para Ruanda fr:Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda ja:ルワンダ国際戦犯法廷 pl:Międzynarodowy Trybunał Karny dla Rwandy

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