John Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair

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Image:Lord Aberdeen.jpg The Most Honourable John Campbell Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair, KT, GCMG, GCVO, PC (3 August 1847–7 March 1934 Tarland) was Governor General of Canada from 1893 to 1898.

Hamilton-Gordon was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, the third son of the 5th Earl of Aberdeen. Following his education at St Andrews and Oxford, he succeeded on his eldest brother's death to the Earldom in 1870, assuming his seat in the House of Lords, where he was a close friend and supporter of the Prime Minister, William Ewart Gladstone. He gained experience in overseas administration with his appointment as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in 1886, and he was also a representative of Her Majesty Queen Victoria at the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.

On November 7 1877, he married Ishbel Maria Majoribanks (14 March 1857–18 April 1939), daughter of Dudley Majoribanks, 1st Baron Tweedmouth, at St. George's Church, Hanover Square, London. They had five children:

Sir George Gordon, 2nd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (20 January 1879–6 January 1965)
Lady Marjorie Adeline Gordon (7 December 1880–26 July 1970), married John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland.
Lady Dorothea Mary Gordon (12 March 1882–25 November 1882)
Sir Dudley Gladstone Gordon, 3rd Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair (6 May 1883–16 April 1972)
Lord Archibald Ian Gordon (3 October 1884–16 December 1909)

Lord Aberdeen became Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire in 1880 and held the office of High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland from 1881 to 1885 and in 1915. He was invested as a Privy Counsellor on 6 February 1886.

Even before Lord Aberdeen became Governor General in 1893, he and Lady Aberdeen had fallen in love with Canada. They had taken a world tour in 1890, which included an extensive visit to Canada. The Aberdeens were so impressed with this country that they purchased "Coldstream Ranch", located in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia, in 1891. They named the ranch "Guisachan", after Lady Aberdeen's father's estate in Scotland, and the house stands to this day. Lord Aberdeen was President of the Highland and Agricultural Society from 1901 to 1902 and Lord Rector of St Andrews University between 1913 and 1916.

On January 4 1916, he was created 1st Marquess of Aberdeen and Temair.

Lord Aberdeen was Governor General during a period of political transition, throughout the terms of four Prime Ministers – Sir John Thompson, Sir Mackenzie Bowell, Sir Charles Tupper and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. It was also an era of controversy marred by competing issues, from the abolition of separate French schools in Manitoba – which created a unity crisis (the Manitoba Schools Question) – to the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the discovery of gold in the Yukon Territory. Lord Aberdeen was well equipped to take on the challenges of the position, with the experience and knowledge from his previous travels in Canada, and family history of success in this country – his father was instrumental in boundary negotiations between the United States and Canada.

Above all, Lord Aberdeen believed that, as Governor General, he could improve the well being of Canadians generally, and he and Lady Aberdeen again travelled extensively throughout the country in an attempt to meet and talk with Canadians from all walks of life. This included a journey to the Maritimes where he met, among others, Dr. Alexander Graham Bell, as well as many inhabitants of Cape Breton who spoke Gaelic and were themselves from the highlands of Scotland. He also travelled west to meet with many people, including many First Nations peoples, and was made an honorary chief of both the Six Nations and Blackfoot people.

Lord and Lady Aberdeen were enthusiastic supporters of outdoor sport in Canada, and personally participated in curling, hockey and sleighing at Rideau Hall. They also contributed to the social and cultural life of the capital by hosting a variety of balls and official dinners, and the Aberdeen family often participated in theatrical performances in the ballroom at Rideau Hall. In 1893, Lord and Lady Aberdeen had a chapel built at Rideau Hall, which was removed in 1912.

Lord and Lady Aberdeen participated in the celebration of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee and the commemoration of various anniversaries and celebrations throughout Canada. Lord Aberdeen was also involved in the Canadian military. He conducted fleet inspections of the Canadian Navy on three different occasions and became Honorary Lieutenant Colonel of the Governor General's Foot Guards in 1898.

While her husband was in office, Lady Aberdeen made lasting contributions to Canadian society. She was the first president of the International Council of Women and encouraged the creation of the May Court Club. Her most significant achievement was establishing the Victorian Order of Nurses in 1897. This organization, dedicated to the care of ill people in their own homes, was at first mistrusted by the medical establishment, but Lady Aberdeen won its acceptance. Today, the VON continues to be a vital part of the Canadian health care system.

Lord Aberdeen's legacy was a reformed role in how the office of Governor General dealt with Canadian society. He and his wife had sought to show interest in the welfare of less privileged Canadians. By meeting Canadians in all regions of Canada and discussing their concerns, Lord Aberdeen transformed the role of Governor General from that of the aristocrat representing the King or Queen in Canada to a symbol representing the interests of all citizens. He had also sought to strengthen communication and trade links with the overseas Dominions, seeing the future benefits of openness between countries.

After his term as Governor General of Canada, Lord Aberdeen returned to the United Kingdom and to the post of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. Lady Aberdeen served as president of the International Council of Women until 1939. They continued their friendships with a number of Canadians until their deaths, Lord Aberdeen in 1934 and his wife in 1939.

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