Rulers and heads of state of Burundi

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

Tenure	Incumbent	Notes
1680	Foundation of the Burundi Kingdom
Mwami (Kings)
Baganwa Dynasty
c.1680 to c.1709	Ntare III Rushatsi, Mwami
c.1709 to c.1739	Mwezi III Ndagushimiye, Mwami
c.1739 to c.1767	Mutaga III Senyamwiza Mutamo, Mwami
c.1767 to c.1796	Mwambutsa III Syarushambo Butama, Mwami (Mwambutsa III Mbariza)
c.1796 to c.1850	Ntare IV Rutaganzwa Rugamba, Mwami
c.1850 to 1884	Mwezi IV Gisabo, Mwami	(contd.)
German Suzerainty
Protectorate of Burundi
1884 to 1 July 1890	Mwezi IV Gisabo, Mwami	(contd.)
Incorporated into German East Africa
1 July 1890 to 21 August 1908	Mwezi IV Gisabo, Mwami	(contd.)
1908 to 30 November 1915	Mutaga IV Mbikije, Mwami
16 December 1915 to June 1916	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, Mwami
Belgian Suzerainty
June 1916 to 20 July 1922	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, Mwami	(contd.)
Ruanda-Urundi League of Nations mandated territory
20 July 1922 to 13 December 1946	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King	(contd.)
United Nations Trust Territory under Belgium
13 December 1946 to January 1961	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King	(contd.)
The Kingdom of Burundi Autonomous
January 1961 to 1 July 1962	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King	(contd.)
The Kingdom of Burundi Independence from Belgium
1 July 1962 to 8 July 1966	Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng, King	(contd.); Deposed
8 July/1 September 1966 to 28 November 1966	Ntare V Ndizeye, King	Deposed

Tenure	Incumbent	Affiliation	Notes
The Republic of Burundi (Republika y’Burundi) (Républigue du Burundi)
28 November 1966 to 1 November 1976	Michel Micombero, President	Mil/UPRONA	Tutsi
2 November 1976 to 10 November 1976	Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Chairman of the Supreme Revolutionary Council	Mil/UPRONA	Tutsi
10 November 1976 to 3 September 1987	Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, President	Mil/UPRONA	Tutsi
3 September 1987 to 10 July 1993	Military Junta:-
3 September 1987 to 9 September 1987	Pierre Buyoya, Chairman of the Military Committee of National Salvation	Mil/UPRONA	Tutsi; 1st Term
9 September 1987 to 10 July 1993	Pierre Buyoya, President	Mil/UPRONA	Tutsi; 1st Term
10 July 1993 to 21 October 1993	Melchior Ndadaye, President	Mil/UPRONA	Hutu
21 October 1993 to 27 October 1993	François Ngeze, Chairman of the Committee of Public Salvation	Mil	Tutsi; in rebellion
27 October 1993 to 5 February 1994	Sylvie Kinigi, acting President	UPRONA	♀; Tutsi
5 February 1994 to 6 April 1994	Cyprien Ntaryamira, President	FRODEBU	Hutu
6 April 1994 to 25 July 1996	Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, President	FRODEBU	Hutu
25 July 1996 to 30 April 2003	Pierre Buyoya, President	UPRONA	Tutsi
30 April 2003 to 26 August 2005	Domitien Ndayizeye, President	FRODEBU	Hutu
26 August 2005 to present	Pierre Nkurunziza, President	CNDD-FDD	Hutu


CNDD-FDD	Conseil National Pour la Défense de la Démocratie–Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie
CNDD-FDD	(National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy) Predominately Hutu
FRODEBU	Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi
FRODEBU	(Front for Democracy in Burundi) Hutu emancipatory
UPRONA	Union pour le Progrès National
UPRONA	(Union of National Progress) authoritarian, estd.1957, from 1962 mainly ethnic Tutsi, dissolved 1987-1990
PALIPEHUTU	Parti Libération du Peuple Hutu
PALIPEHUTU	(Party for the Liberation of Hutu People) Hutu emancipatory
PDC	Parti Démocrate Chrétien
PDC	(Christian Democratic Party) conservative
UPP	Union des Partis Populaires
UPP	(Union of People’s Parties)
Mil	Military
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