Luang Prabang

From Free net encyclopedia

Luang Prabang, or Louangphrabang, is a city in Laos; it was formerly the capital of a kingdom of the same name. The city of Luang Prabang is located in north central Laos, on the Mekong River about 425 km north of Vientiane. It has a population of about 22,000

Until the communist takeover in 1975, it was the royal capital, the seat of the kingdom of Laos. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The city is the capital of the Louangphabang Province.

1 History
2 Monarchs of Luang Prabang
3 Sights
4 Transportation
5 Miscellaneous
6 See also
7 External links

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History

Muang Sua was the old name of Luang Prabang following its conquest in 698 A.D. by a Tai prince, Khun Lo, who seized his opportunity when Nan-chao was engaged elsewhere. Khun Lo had been awarded the town by his father, Khun Borom, who is associated with the Lao legend of the creation of the world, which the Lao share with the Shan and other peoples of the region. Khun Lo established a dynasty whose fifteen rulers reigned over an independent Muang Sua for the better part of a century.

Image:Luangprabang1.JPG

In the second half of the 8^th century, Nan-chao intervened frequently in the affairs of the principalities of the middle Mekong Valley, resulting in the occupation of Muang Sua in 709. Nan-chao princes or administrators replaced the aristocracy of Tai overlords. Dates of the occupation are not known, but it probably ended well before the northward expansion of the Khmer empire under Indravarman I (r. 877-89) and extended as far as the territories of Sipsong Panna on the upper Mekong.

In the meantime, the Khmers founded an outpost at Xay Fong near Vientiane, and Champa expanded again in southern Laos, maintaining its presence on the banks of the Mekong until 1070. Chanthaphanit, the local ruler of Xay Fong, moved north to Muang Sua and was accepted peacefully as ruler after the departure of the Nan-chao administrators. Chanthaphanit and his son had long reigns, during which the town became known by the Tai name Xieng Dong Xieng Thong. The dynasty eventually became involved in the squabbles of a number of principalities. Khun Chuang, a warlike ruler who may have been a Kammu (alternate spellings include Khamu and Khmu) tribesman, extended his territory as a result of the warring of these principalities and probably ruled from 1128 to 1169. Under Khun Chuang, a single family ruled over a far-flung territory and reinstituted the Siamese administrative system of the 7^th century. At some point, Theravada Buddhism was subsumed by Mahayana Buddhism.

Xieng Dong Xieng Thong experienced a brief period of Khmer suzerainty under Jayavarman VII from 1185 to 1191. By 1180 the Sipsong Panna had regained their independence from the Khmers, however, and in 1238 an internal uprising in the Khmer outpost of Sukhodaya expelled the Khmer overlords. Image:Lunnganightmarket.jpg Xieng Dong Xieng Thong in 1353 became the capital of Lan Xang. The capital was moved in 1560 by King Setthathirath I to Vien Chang, which remains the capital today.

In 1707, Lan Xang fell apart and Luang Prabang became the capital of the independent Luang Prabang kingdom. When France annexed Laos, the French recognized Luang Prabang as the royal residence of Laos. Eventually, the ruler of Luang Prabang bacame synonymous with the figure-head of the French Protectorate of Laos. When Laos achieved independence, the king of Luang Prabang, Sisavang Vong, became the head of state for the Kingdom of Laos.

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Monarchs of Luang Prabang

Khun Lo, warlord who founded the city
Fa Ngum, prince of Luang Prabang who founded Lan Xang
Oun Kham, king who ruled under the French
Kham Souk (Zakarine), king who ruled under the French and who pushed for independence
Sisavang Vong, king under the French, and when France granted Laos independence, he became king of the whole country

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Sights

Image:Luangphabang okt98.jpg

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Transportation

Luang Prabang is served by Luang Prabang International Airport with non-stop flights to

Laos: Phongsaly, Vientiane, Xieng Khuang
Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang Mai
Cambodia: Siem Reap

Luang Prabang is linked by road to:

Route 13: Vang Vieng and Vientiane
Route 1: Muang Xay

The Mekong is an important transportation link. Huay Xai, upriver near the Thai border, can be reached by slow boat in two days, typically with a stop at Pak Beng.

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Miscellaneous

The late folk singer Dave Van Ronk named his infamous and sardonic anti-war song Luang Prabang.[1]

China has recently allowed its citizens to travel more freely to Laos. As such, Chinese tourists are expected to account for 25% of the total number of visitors to Laos (up from only a few percent) in 2006. Pressures to modernize tourist infrastructure, particularly to cater to package tourism, are expected to significantly impact Luang Prabang and other culturally significant Laotian cities and sites. [2]

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