Member of Parliament
From Free net encyclopedia
A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament. In many countries the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a unique title such as Senate and thus unique titles for its members ("Senators" etc).
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Australia
In Australia, the term Member of Parliament refers the Australian House of Representatives, and in some jurisdictions it also refers to members of the State Parliament.
- Queensland Members of the Legislative Assembly, the unicameral (single house) Parliament of Queensland were known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) until 2001 and are now known as Members of Parliament (MPs) Template:Ref.
Canada
In Canada, the term Member of Parliament refers specifically to a member of the Canadian House of Commons.
India
In India, the term Member of Parliament refers to the Sansad or the Indian Parliament chambers of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha MPs to the Lok Sabha are elected popularly by constentuencies in the Indian states and union territories, while MPs to the Rajya Sabha are elected by State legislatures. Central government is formed by the party having maximum number of MPs in Lok Sabha. Each state has a fixed number to MPs to be selected. The Indian state, Uttar Pradesh represents maximum number of MPs in the Lok Sabha.
Malaysia
The Malaysian Parliament is modeled after the Parliament of the United Kingdom and consists of two houses, known as the Dewan Rakyat which is the House of Representatives and Dewan Negara or the Senate.
The members of the Dewan Rakyat are elected in general elections or by-elections, whereas the members of the Dewan Negara are appointed by the king, in recognition of outstanding service to their country, or chosen by the states. Each state appoints a number of senators proportionate to its size.
Currently, the Dewan Negara has 70 seats while the Dewan Rakyat has 219. Of the 219 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, as of 2006, 199 are held by the ruling Barisan Nasional and 20 by opposition parties.
Members of Parliament are styled Yang Berhormat ("Honourable") with the initials Y.B. appended prenominally. A prince who is a Member of Parliament is Yang Berhormat Mulia.
New Zealand
New Zealand has a single-chambered (unicameral) parliament. In New Zealand Member of Parliament is the term for a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives, although parliament technically consists of both the House and the Queen. The New Zealand House of Representatives normally has 120 MPs, elected every three years. There are 69 electorate (constituency) MPs, 7 of whom are elected by Māori who have chosen to vote in special Māori seats. The remaining 51 MPs are elected from party lists. The speaker of the house is Margaret Wilson.
Before 1951 New Zealand had a two-chambered (bicameral) parliament, and there were two designations — MHR (Member of the House of Representatives, the body which survives today) and MLC (Member of the Legislative Council).
Singapore
In Singapore, the Members of Parliament refers to either the elected members of the Parliament of Singapore, the appointed Non-Constituency Members of Parliament from the opposition, as well as the Nominated Members of Parliament, who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connection to any political party in Singapore.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has members of three different parliaments:
- Members of Parliament (MPs) refers to members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
- Members of the European Parliament (MEPs)
- Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs) (Elected members of the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland were called Commissioners.)
MPs in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies by the first-past-the-post system of election, and may remain MPs until Parliament is dissolved. (Parliaments can last up to five years.) The members of the House of Lords are officially appointed by the Monarch, but the selection is actually done by Prime Minister.
There are several special members of Parliament, including the Prime Minister, other government ministers, the Chief Whip of each party, Privy Counsellors, and the Speaker of the House.
Members of Parliament are technically forbidden to resign their seats. However, appointment to a "paid office under the Crown" disqualifies an MP from sitting in the Commons, and two nominally paid offices - the Chiltern Hundreds and the Manor of Northstead - exist to allow members to resign from the House. For more information, see the article Resignation from the British House of Commons.
Notes
- Template:Note It was resolved at a meeting (19/10/2000) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (Qld branch) that Members of the Legislative Assembly should be known as MP rather than MLA..
Private correspondence from the Queensland Parliamentary Library, 15 November 2005 Wikipedian Alex Lawbg:Народен представител ca:Diputat de:Abgeordneter es:Diputado eo:Parlamentano fr:Député it:Deputato pl:MP (polityka) fi:Kansanedustaja sv:Riksdagsledamot th:สมาชิกสภาผู้แทนราษฎร