Minocycline
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[[Image:{{{image|Minocycline.png}}}|{{{width|220}}}px|Minocycline chemical structure]] | |
| 2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4,7- bis(dimethylamino)-10,11,12a-trihydroxy-4a,5,5a, 6-tetrahydro-4H-tetracene-1,3,12-trione | |
| CAS number 10118-90-8 | }}} |
| PubChem 24960 | DrugBank APRD00547 |
| Chemical formula | C23H27N3O7 |
| Molecular weight | 457.477 |
| Bioavailability | 100% (oral) |
| Metabolism | liver |
| Elimination half-life | 11-22 hours |
| Excretion | mostly fecal, rest renal |
| Pregnancy category | ? (Aust) |
| Legal status | Schedule 4 (Aust) |
| Routes of administration | oral |
Minocycline hydrochloride, also known as minocycline, is a member of the broad spectrum tetracycline antibiotics, and has a broader spectrum than the other members. As a result of its long half-life it generally has serum levels 2-4 times that of most other tetracyclines (150 mg giving 16 times the activity levels compared to 250 mg of tetracycline at 24-48 hours).
It is marketed under several trade names, including Minomycin, Minocin, Arestin, and Dynacin.
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Indications
It is primarily used to treat acne and rosacea as the once daily 100mg doasage is far easier for patients than the four times a day required with Tetracycline or Oxytetracycline.
Although minocycline's broader spectrum of activity, compared to other members of the group, includes activity against Neisseria meningitidis, its use as a prophylaxis is no longer recomended because of side effects (dizziness and vertigo).
Cautions and Side effects
In addition to those common to the Tetracycline antibiotics group, minocycline may be used in renal impairment, but may aggrevate systemic lupus erythematosus Template:Ref N.
Minocycline, like all Tetracyclines, becomes dangerous past its expiration date. While most prescription drugs lose potency after their expiration dates, tetracyclines are known to become toxic over time; expired tetracyclines can cause serious damage to the kidneys.
Possible additional indications
Current research is examining the possible neuroprotective effects of minocycline against progression of Huntington's Disease, an inherited neurodegenerative disorder Template:Ref N Template:Ref N. The neuroprotective action of minocycline may include its inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygenase Template:Ref N, an inflammatory enzyme associated with brain aging Template:Ref N.
References
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