Region (Europe)

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Template:Politics of the European Union

The European Union created the Regions of Europe as the layer of EU government administration directly below the nation-state level. The Regions of Europe are represented by the Committee of the Regions headquarters in Brussels.

Reasons for this include:

  • reflecting the historic and cultural claims for autonomy in many regions all over the EU
  • strengthening the political and economic situation in those regions

As a result, nation states which have historically had a strong centralized administration have transferred political power to the regions. Examples of this include the devolution of power in Britain (the Scotland Act 1998, the Government of Wales Act 1998) and the current negotiations in France concerning increased autonomy for Corsica.

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Political Influence

The politics of the regionalism have also had their impact on the pan-European level. The regions of Europe have lobbied for an increased say in EU affairs, especially the German Länder. This has resulted in the creation by the Maastricht Treaty of the Committee of the Regions, and provision for member states to be represented in the Council by ministers from their regional governments.

Image:European Union.png

The desire of the German Länder however has been frustrated by other member states, which are opposed to direct involvement by the regions in EU decision-making. The German Länder successfully lobbied the German government (which has in turn lobbied the European Council) for the 2004 IGC to deal with the division of powers between the EU, national and regional levels of government.

The Council of Europe also has a Congress of Local and Regional Authorities, similar to the EU's Committee of the Regions.

Strengthening economic competition between communities further supports the creation of authentic regions within the EU and almost all EU member states recently have or currently are re-organizing their administration to create competitive EU regions. Often these regions better reflect culture and identity and a sense of common interests.

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History

The idea for a representation of regions within the administration of the European Union relates to some regions' long history as autonomous regions. Examples include the Basque Country, which lies in both north-eastern Spain and south-west France, Scotland and Wales in the United Kingdom, indeed, historically and culturally the UK is made up of three separate countries (England, Scotland and Wales, with Northern Ireland being a province). For example, Scotland is seen by many in the UK as a non-sovereign nation within the UK state, having historically kept its own legal, education, cultural and religious institutions, and even more so today with its own legislature having power over most aspects of Scottish life. All of these regions have growing or well established nationalistic sentiments (see Basque nationalism, Welsh self-government, Scottish independence). Template:Clear

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Regions

Some small EU member states make up a region on their own; large member states have several regions. Currently there are 139 regions.

member state region population area
Template:AUTImage:Flag of Kärnten.svg Carinthia559,4049,536 km²
Image:Flag of Niederösterreich.svgImage:Flag of Oberösterreich.svgImage:Flag of Burgenland.svg Lower Austria and Upper Austria (incl. Burgenland)3,200,17035,120 km²
Image:Flag of Salzburg.svg Salzburg 515,3277,154 km²
Image:Flag of Steiermark.svg Styria1,183,30316,392 km²
Image:Flag of Tirol.svgImage:Flag of Vorarlberg.svg Tyrol and Vorarlberg1,046,29515,249 km²
Image:Flag of Wien.svg Vienna1,631,082414 km²
Template:BELImage:Flag Belgium brussels.svg Brussels1,006,749161,382 km²
Image:Vlagvlaanderengroot.png Flanders6,043,16113,522 km²
Image:Wallonia flag medium.png Wallonia3,358,56016,844 km²
Template:CZEImage:Flag of Bohemia.svg Bohemia~6,500,00052 065 km²
Image:Flag of Moravia.svgImage:Flag of Czech Silesia.svg Moravia (incl. Czech Silesia)~3,500,00026,474 km²
Template:CYP~1,000,0009,250 km²
Template:DNK5,415,97843,094 km²
Template:EST1,332,89345,226 km²
Template:FINImage:Flag of Aaland.svg Åland26,7116,784 km²
Image:East Finland.png Eastern Finland588,10648,726 km²
Image:Lapin.png Lapland187,77798,946 km²
Image:Oulu.png Oulu461,00057,000 km²
Image:South Finland.png Southern Finland2,095,41634,378 km²
Image:West Finland.png Western Finland1,839,58174,185 km²
Template:FRAImage:AlsFlag.png Alsace1,805,0008,280 km²
Image:Aquitaine region flag.png Aquitaine3,072,00041,309 km²
Image:AUflag.gifImage:LimFlag.gif Auvergne and Limousin2,054,00042,955 km²
Image:Basse-Normandie flag.png Basse-Normandie and Haute-Normandie3,251,00029,907 km²
Image:Bourgogne flag.svg Bourgogne1,626,00031,582 km²
Image:Brittany flag.png Bretagne3,044,00027,209 km²
Image:CentreFlag.gif Centre2,490,00039,151 km²
Image:ChAFlag.gif Champagne-Ardenne1,334,00025,606 km²
Image:Corsica.svg Corsica275,0008,680 km²
Image:Franche-Comté.svg Franche-Comté1,143,00016,202 km²
Image:GuyaneFlag.jpg French Guiana191,00083,534 km²
Image:GuadFlag.png Guadeloupe453,0001,702 km²
Image:IDFflag.gif Île-de-France11,362,00012,011 km²
Image:LRflag.gif Languedoc-Roussillon2,497,00027,376 km²
Image:Flag fr-lorraine 300px.png Lorraine2,334,00023,547 km²
Image:Flag of Martinique.gif Martinique398,0001,128 km²
Image:Flag of Midi-Pyrénées.svg Midi-Pyrénées2,731,00045,348 km²
Image:NPCflag.gifImage:PicFlag.gif Nord-Pas de Calais and Picardie 5,909,00031,813 km²
Image:PLflag.gif Pays-de-la-Loire3,385,00032,082 km²
Image:PC1.gif Poitou-Charentes1,701,00025,809 km²
Image:Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur flag.svg Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur4,743,00031,400 km²
Image:ReunionFlag.gif Réunion775,0002,512 km²
Image:RAflag.gif Rhône-Alpes5,947,00043,698 km²
Template:DEUImage:Flag of Baden-Württemberg.svg Baden-Württemberg10,718,32735,752 km²
Image:Flag of Bavaria (lozengy).svg Bavaria12,464,99770,553 km²
Image:Flag of Berlin.svgImage:Flag de-brandenburg.png Berlin and Brandenburg5,962,44030,369 km²
Image:Flag of Hamburg.svg Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg1,738,483755 km²
Image:Flag of Hesse.svg Hesse6,077,82621,100 km²
Image:Flag of Lower Saxony.svgImage:Flag of Bremen.svg Lower Saxony and Bremen8,665,36748,023 km²
Image:Flag of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.svg Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania1,790,00023,170 km²
Image:Flag of North Rhine-Westphalia.svg North Rhine-Westphalia18,060,21134,080 km²
Image:Flag de-rheinland pfalz 300px.png Rhineland-Palatinate3,880,00019,846 km²
Image:Flag de-saarland 300px.png Saarland1,080,0002,570 km²
Image:Flag of Saxony.svg Saxony4,300,00018,413 km²
Image:Flag of Saxony-Anhalt.svg Saxony-Anhalt 2,580,62620,447 km²
Image:Flag of Schleswig-Holstein.svg Schleswig-Holstein2,777,00015,776 km²
Image:Flag of Thuringia.svg Thuringia2,392,00016,171 km²
Template:GRCAttica (incl. Central Greece and Thessaly)5,216,73633,394 km²
Crete623,6668,336 km²
Epirus and the Ionian Islands578,79511,510 km²
Macedonia (West M., Central M. and East M. and Thrace)2,858,97542,419 km²
North Aegean and South Aegean528,1529,122 km²
Peloponnese (incl. West Greece)1,403,57726,840 km²
Template:HUNCentral and Northern Hungary4,114,00020,347 km²
Great Plain2,921,00036,088 km²
Transdanubia3,107,00036,615 km²
Template:IRLImage:Flag of connacht.png Connacht464,29617,713 km²
Image:Flag of leinster.png Leinster2,105,57919,774 km²
Image:Real Munster Flag.gif Munster1,100,61424,608 km²
Image:Provincial Ulster Flag.gif Ulster246,7148,066 km²
Template:ITAImage:Abruzzo-Bandiera.pngImage:Molise-Bandiera.png Abruzzo and Molise1,594,33115,232 km²
Image:Flag of the Aosta Valley.png Aosta Valley120,9093,263 km²
Image:Puglia-Bandiera.png Apulia4,023,95719,366 km²
Image:Basilicata-Bandiera.png Basilicata596,8219,995 km²
Image:Calabrian-logo.png Calabria2,007,39215,081 km²
Image:Campania-Bandiera.png Campania5,725,09813,590 km²
Image:Emilia-Romagna-Flag.png Emilia-Romagna4,030,22022,123 km²
Image:Friuli-Venezia Giulia-Flag.png Friuli-Venezia Giulia1,191,5887,856 km²
Image:Latium.png Latium5,145,80517,208 km²
Image:Flagge Liguriens.png Liguria1,572,1975,420 km²
Image:Lombardy-Flag.png Lombardy9,108,64523,863 km²
Image:Regione Marche Italy.gifImage:Umbria-Bandiera.png Marche and Umbria2,318,81118,150 km²
Image:Piemonte.svg Piedmont4,331,33425,400 km²
Image:Flag of Sardinia.svg Sardinia1,637,63924,090 km²
Image:Flag of Sicily.svg Sicily4,972,12425,703 km²
Image:Trentino-Alto Adige-Bandiera.png Trentino-South Tyrol950,49513,607 km²
Image:Toscana-Bandiera2.png Tuscany3,516,29622,990 km²
Image:Veneto-Bandiera.png Veneto4,577,40818,391 km²
Template:LAT2,290,23764,589 km²
Template:LTU3,596,61765,200 km²
Template:LUX468,5712,586 km²
Template:MLT398,534316 km²
Template:NLDImage:Frisian flag.svgImage:Flag Drenthe.pngImage:Groningen flag.png Friesland (incl. Drenthe and Groningen)1,700,7008,357 km²
Image:Limburg (Netherlands) Flag.png Limburg1,143,0002,167 km²
Image:North Brabant-Flag.pngImage:Zeelandflag.JPG North Brabant–Zeeland2,785,2006,730 km²
Image:Flag North-Holland, Netherlands.pngImage:South Holland Flag.png North Holland and South Holland6,036,9005,520 km²
Image:Utrecht (province)-Flag.pngImage:Gelderland-Flag.pngImage:Flag Flevoland.pngImage:Overijssel flag.png Utrecht–Gelderland (incl. Flevoland and Overijssel)4,589,00011,114 km²
Template:POLImage:Flaga wlkp.jpgImage:Lubuskie flaga2.pngImage:Zach-pomorskie flag.svg Greater Poland (incl. Lubusz and West Pomerania)6,066,89666,712 km²
Image:Dolnoslaskie flaga.pngImage:Opolskie flaga2.jpg Lower Silesia (incl. Opole)3,949,45229,360 km²
Image:Slaskie Flaga.PNGImage:Malopolskie flaga.PNG Silesia and Lesser Poland7,963,99627,438 km²
Image:Pomorskie flaga.pngImage:Kujawsko-pomorskie flaga.pngImage:Warminsko-mazurskie flaga.png Pomerania, Kuyavia-Pomerania and Warmia-Masuria5,688,33760,466 km²
Image:Wojewodztwo swietokrzyskie flaga.svgImage:Lubelskie flaga.pngImage:Podlaskie Flaga.PNGImage:Podkarpackie flaga.png Galicia (Holy Cross, Lublin, Podlasie, and Subcarpathia)6,779,45574,848 km²
Image:Masovian voivodship flag.pngImage:Flag of Lodzkie.svg Masovia and Łódź7,732,11353,817 km²
Template:PORImage:Flag of the Azores.svg Azores241,7632,333 km²
Image:Flag of Portugal.svg Continental Portugal10,566,21292,391 km²
Image:Flag of Madeira.svg Madeira Islands~250,000797 km²
Template:SVK5,379,45549,036 km²
Template:SVN2,001,11420,273 km²
Template:ESPImage:Bandera de Andalucía.png Andalusia7,849,79987 268 km²
Image:Aragon Flag.PNG Aragon1,217,51447 719 km²
Image:Flag of Asturias.svg Asturias1,056,78910 604 km²
Image:Flag of the Balearic Islands.svg Balearic Islands916,9684 992 km²
Image:Flag of the Basque Country.svg Basque Country2,108,2817 234 km²
Image:Flag of the Canary Islands.svg Canary Islands1,843,7557 447 km²
Image:Flag of Castilla y León.svgImage:Bandera Castilla-La Mancha.svgImage:Flag of Cantabria.svgImage:Flag of the Community of Madrid.svg Castile and Leon and Castile-La Mancha (incl. Cantabria and Madrid)10,776,240187,002 km²
Image:Flag of Catalonia.svg Catalonia6,506,44032 114 km²
Image:Flag of Ceuta.svg Ceuta76,15228 km²
Image:Banderaextremadura.png Extremadura1,073,05041 634 km²
Image:Flag of Galicia.svg Galicia2,737,37029 574 km²
Image:Flag of Melilla.svg Melilla69,18420 km²
Image:Flag of the Region of Murcia.svg Murcia1,226,99311 313 km²
Image:Flag of Navarre.svgImage:Flag of La Rioja (with coat of arms).svg Navarre and La Rioja851,24215,436 km²
Image:Flag of the Land of Valencia (official).svg Valencia4,692,44923,255 km²
Template:SWEGötaland4,278,60587,173 km²
Norrland1,175,525243,635 km²
Svealand3,441,58080,136 km²
Template:GBRImage:Flag of England.svg East of England5,388,14019,120 km²
Image:Flag of England.svgImage:Flag of the City of London.svg London7,420,6001,580 km²
Image:Flag of Northern Ireland.svg Northern Ireland1,685,26713,843 km²
Image:Flag of England.svgImage:Flag of Northumberland.svg North West England and North East England9,245,27922,757 km²
Image:Flag of Scotland.svg Scotland5,062,01178,782 km²
Image:Flag of England.svg East Midlands4,172,17915,627 km²
Image:Flag of Gibraltar.svg Gibraltar27,7767 km²
Image:Flag of England.svgImage:IOW flag.png South East England8,000,55019,096 km²
Image:Flag of England.svgImage:Flag of Cornwall.svgImage:Flag of Devon.svg South West England4,928,45823,829 km²
Image:Flag of Wales 2.svg Wales2,903,08520,779 km²
Image:Flag of England.svg West Midlands5,267,33713,004 km²
Image:Flag of England.svg Yorkshire and the Humber4,964,83815,420 km²
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References

Loughlin, John et al.: Subnational Democracy in the European Union: Challenges and Opportunities. Oxford University Press. Oxford, 2004.

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See also

de:Europa der Regionen

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