Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

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In medicine, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an inflammatory state of the whole body (the "system").

Contents 1 Definition of SIRS 2 Difference between SIRS and sepsis 3 Complications of SIRS 4 Causes of SIRS 5 See also 6 References 7 Textbooks 8 External link

Definition of SIRS

SIRS can be diagnosed when two or more of the following are present<ref name="IrwinRippe">Textbook

• Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe
• The ICU Book by Marino</ref>

<ref>Sharma S, Steven M. Septic Shock. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic2101.htm Accessed on Nov 20, 2005.</ref><ref name=tslotou>Tslotou AG, Sakorafas GH, Anagnostopoulos G, Bramis J. Septic shock; current pathogenetic concepts from a clinical perspective. Med Sci Monit. 2005 Mar;11(3):RA76-85. PMID 15735579. Full Text.</ref>:

• Heart rate > 90 beats per minute
• Body temperature < 36 or > 38°C
• Hyperventilation (high respiratory rate) > 20 breaths per minute or, on blood gas, a P_aCO₂ less than 32 mm Hg
• White blood cell count < 4000 cells/mm³ or > 12000 cells/mm³ (< 4 x 10⁹ or > 12 x 10⁹ cells/L), or the presence of greater than 10% immature neutrophils.

Difference between SIRS and sepsis

SIRS with a confirmed infection<ref name=tslotou/>, proven through a positive blood culture or tissue sample positive for pathogenic organisms,<ref>*Stedman's Medical Dictionary Lookup. URL: http://www.emedicine.com/asp/dictionary.asp?exact=Y&keyword=sepsis. Accessed on March 17, 2006.</ref> is called sepsis. Or simpler stated: SIRS + infection = sepsis.<ref name="IrwinRippe"/>

Complications of SIRS

SIRS, can result in the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Causes of SIRS

• Severe trauma
• Surgery, complication of
• Burns
• Acute pancreatitis
• Immunodeficiency (such as AIDS<ref>Santhanam S, Tolan RW. Sepsis. eMedicine.com, URL: http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic3033.htm Accessed on Mar 12, 2006.</ref>)

See also

• Sepsis
• Shock
• Septic shock

References

<references/>

Textbooks

• Intensive Care Medicine by Irwin and Rippe
• The ICU Book by Marino
• Cecil Textbook of Medicine
• The Oxford Textbook of Medicine
• Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine

External link

• Bacteremia and Septic Shock (Merck Manual) - explains the usage of the terms bacteremia, septic shock, sepsis and septicemia.