Sagittarius

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Template:Infobox Constellation Sagittarius (Latin for Archer, symbol Image:Saggitarius symbol.png, Unicode ♐) is a constellation of the zodiac, commonly depicted as a centaur drawing a bow. Sagittarius lies between Scorpius to the west and Capricornus to the east.

1 Notable features
2 Notable deep-sky objects
3 Mythology
- 3.1 Astrology
4 Notable and named stars
5 External links

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Notable features

The constellation's brighter stars (from left to right on the map: τ, ζ, σ, φ, λ, ε, δ, η and γ² Sagittarii) form an easily recognizable asterism called the Teapot. The Milk Dipper is part of the Teapot. The stars δ Sgr (Kaus Media), ε Sgr (Kaus Australis), ζ Sgr (Ascella), and φ Sgr form the body of the pot; λ Sgr (Kaus Borealis) is the point of the lid; γ² (Alnasl) is the tip of the spout; and σ Sgr (Nunki) and τ Sgr the handle. [1] [2]

α Sgr (Rukbat) isn't the brightest star of the constellation, having a magnitude of only 3.96. (It is not shown on the map as it is located below the map's southwestern corner, north is up)

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Notable deep-sky objects

The Milky Way as seen from the earth is at its densest as it passes through Sagittarius, as this is where the galactic center lies. Consequently, Sagittarius contains many star clusters and nebulae. One of the brightest of the star clusters is M55, about 7.5° west of δ Sgr.

The constellation contains nebulae such as the Lagoon Nebula (M8), near λ Sagittarii, beautiful in telescopes; the Omega, Swan, or Horseshoe Nebula (M17), near the border with Scutum; and the Trifid Nebula (M20), a large nebula containing some very young, hot stars.

The complex radio source Sagittarius A is also here. Astronomers believe that one of its components, known as Sagittarius A*, is associated with a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.

The Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy is located just outside the Milky Way.

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Mythology

Sagittarius has the rough appearance of a stick-figure archer drawing its bow, and when including the fainter stars, appears to have a horse-like body [3]. The Greeks identified such a figure as a centaur, whereas earlier cultures, such as the Babylonians, identified it as the god Pabilsag (which also had wings and a lion's head).

In Greek mythology, Sagittarius was sometimes identified as Chiron, aiming his bow at the Scorpion, although the more usual identification of Chiron was with the constellation Centaurus. The constellation Sagitta was sometimes considered to be an arrow fired by Sagittarius.

Other early identifications include that of a rattle, which the constellation's brightest stars considered together vaguely resemble. As such, together with other constellations in the Zodiac sign of Sagittarius (specifically, Cygnus, Lyra, and Aquila), may be a significant part of the origin of the myth of the Stymphalian Birds, one of The Twelve Labours of Herakles.

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Astrology

The Western astrological sign Sagittarius of the tropical zodiac (November 23 - December 22) differs from the astronomical constellation and the Hindu astrological sign of the sidereal zodiac (December 18 - January 18).

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Notable and named stars

BD	F	Star Names and other designations	Mag.	Ly away	Comments
ε	20	Epsilon Sagittarii, Kaus Australis	1.79	145	قوس qaws bow + austrālis southern
σ	34	Sigma Sagittarii, Nunki, Sadira, Pelag	2.05	224
ζ	38	Zeta Sagittarii, Ascella	2.60	89	ascella armpit
δ	19	Delta Sagittarii, Kaus Media, Kaus Meridionalis, Kaus Medius, Media	2.72	306	قوس qaws bow + media middle
λ	22	Lambda Sagittarii, Kaus Borealis	2.82	77	قوس qaws bow + boreālis northern
π	41	Pi Sagittarii, Albaldah, Al Baldah	2.88	440	البلطة al-balţah the axe
γ²	10	Gamma-2 Sagittarii, Alnasl, Nasl, El Nasl, Alwazl, Nushaba, Zujj al Nushshaba	2.98	96	النصل an-naşl the arrowhead
η		Eta Sagittarii	3.10	149	Irregular variable
φ	27	Phi Sagittarii	3.17	231
τ	40	Tau Sagittarii	3.32	120
ξ²	37	Xi-2 Sagittarii	3.52	372
ο	39	Omicron Sagittarii, Manubrij	3.76	139
μ	13	Mu Sagittarii, Polis	3.84	8150	five star system
ρ¹	44	Rho-1 Sagittarii	3.92	122
β¹		Beta-1 Sagittarii, Arkab Prior	3.96	378	عرقوب ^{c^arqūb} hamstring + prior
α		Alpha Sagittarii, Rukbat, Rucba, Rukbat al Rami, Alrami	3.96	170	ركبة الرامي rukbat[u] ar-rāmī knee of the archer/bowman
ι		Iota Sagittarii	4.12
β²		Beta-2 Sagittarii, Arkab Posterior	4.27		عرقوب ^{c^arqūb} hamstring + posterior
θ¹		Theta-1 Sagittarii	4.37
c	62	Terebellum, 62 Sagittarii, HR 7650, HD 189763	4.43		Irregular variable
υ	46	Upsilon Sagittarii	4.52		the prototypical hydrogen-deficient binary
b¹	59	Terebellum, 59 Sagittarii, HR 7604, HD 188603	4.52
	3	X Sagittarii	4.53		A Cepheid variable
h²	52	52 Sagittarii	4.59
ω	58	Terebellum, Omega Sagittarii, HR 7597, HD 188376	4.74
	4	4 Sagittarii	4.74
γ¹		Gamma-1 Sagittarii, W Sagittarii	4.79	1500	A Cepheid variable
	21	21 Sagittarii	4.81
A	60	Terebellum, 60 Sagittarii, HR 7618, HD 189005	4.84
ν¹	32	Nu-1 Sagittarii, Ain al Rami, Facies	4.86		عين الرامي ^{c^{ain ar-rāmī}} eye of the archer
ψ	42	Psi Sagittarii	4.86
f	56	56 Sagittarii	4.87
d	43	43 Sagittarii	4.88
	11	11 Sagittarii	4.96
ν²	35	Nu-2 Sagittarii	5.00
g	61	61 Sagittarii	5.01
ξ¹	36	Xi-1 Sagittarii	5.02
χ¹	47	Chi-1 Sagittarii	5.02
e²	55	55 Sagittarii	5.06
	29	29 Sagittarii	5.22
	15	15 Sagittarii	5.29
θ²		Theta-2 Sagittarii	5.30
e¹	54	54 Sagittarii	5.30
	7	7 Sagittarii	5.37
	28	28 Sagittarii	5.37
χ³	49	Chi-3 Sagittarii	5.45
	14	14 Sagittarii	5.49
	24	24 Sagittarii	5.49
	50	50 Sagittarii	5.57
	18	18 Sagittarii	5.58
κ¹		Kappa-1 Sagittarii	5.60
κ²		Kappa-2 Sagittarii	5.64
h¹	51	51 Sagittarii	5.64
	33	33 Sagittarii	5.68
	63	63 Sagittarii	5.69
ρ²	45	Rho-2 Sagittarii	5.84
	57	57 Sagittarii	5.88
	9	9 Sagittarii	5.89
		HD 169830	5.91	118.5[4]	has 2 planets
	16	16 Sagittarii	5.96
	26	26 Sagittarii	6.22
		HD 179949	6.25	88[5]	has a planet
	6	6 Sagittarii	6.27
	30	30 Sagittarii	6.29
	53	53 Sagittarii	6.33
	25	25 Sagittarii	6.53
	65	65 Sagittarii	6.53
	17	17 Sagittarii	6.89
χ²	48	Chi-2 Sagittarii	7.26
		Ross 154	10.46	9.56	nearby
		Gliese 783	5.31	19.7	nearby
		OGLE-TR-10	14.93	5000[6]	has a planet
		S2			orbits Sgr A* black hole
		Pistol Star			hypergiant