Soleidae

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{{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Soles | image = Solea lascaris.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = Sand sole, Solea lascaris | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Osteichthyes | ordo = Pleuronectiformes | familia = Soleidae | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = Achiroides
Aesopia
Aseraggodes
Austroglossus
Bathysolea
Brachirus
Buglossidium
Dagetichthys
Dicologlossa
Heteromycteris
Liachirus
Microchirus
Monochirus
Parachirus
Paradicula
Pardachirus
Pegusa
Phyllichthys
Rendahlia
Rhinosolea
Solea
Soleichthys
Strabozebrias
Synaptura
Synapturichthys
Typhlachirus
Vanstraelenia
Zebrias
See text for species. }} The true soles are a family, Soleidae, of flatfishes, and include species that live in salt water and fresh water. They are bottom-dwelling fishes feeding on small crustaceans and other invertebrates. Other flatfishes are also known as soles.

Soles begin life as bilaterally symmetric larvae, with an eye on each side of the head. But during development the left eye moves around onto the right side of the head. Adult soles lie on their left (blind) side on the sea floor, often covered in mud which, in combination with their dark colours, makes them hard to spot.

Soles (along with flounders) were observed by the Bathyscaphe Trieste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench at a depth of 35,798 feet (10,911 m).

Many soles are important food species: the common sole, Solea solea, is popular in northern Europe and the Mediterranean.

Species

FishBase lists 135 species in 28 genera but comments, "The taxonomy of this family needs revision."<ref>Template:FishBase family</ref>

• Genus Achiroides
  • Achiroides leucorhynchos Bleeker, 1851.
  • Achiroides melanorhynchus (Bleeker, 1851).
• Genus Aesopia
  • Unicorn sole, Aesopia cornuta Kaup, 1858.Image:Aecor u0.gif
• Genus Aseraggodes
  • Aseraggodes bahamondei Randall & Meléndez, 1987.
  • Aseraggodes borehami Randall, 1996.
  • Aseraggodes cyaneus (Alcock, 1890).
  • Aseraggodes dubius Weber, 1913.
  • Aseraggodes filiger Weber, 1913.
  • Aseraggodes guttulatus Kaup, 1858.
  • Southern sole, Aseraggodes haackeanus (Steindachner, 1883).
  • Herre's sole, Aseraggodes herrei Seale, 1940.
  • Aseraggodes holcomi Randall, 2002.
  • Aseraggodes kaianus (Günther, 1880).
  • Tailed sole, Aseraggodes klunzingeri (Weber, 1907).
  • Aseraggodes kobensis (Steindachner, 1896).
  • Narrowbanded sole, Aseraggodes macleayanus (Ramsay, 1881).
  • Mottled sole, Aseraggodes melanostictus (Peters, 1877).
  • Aseraggodes microlepidotus (Fowler, 1946).
  • Aseraggodes normani Chabanaud, 1930.
  • Aseraggodes ocellatus Weed, 1961.
  • Ocellated sole, Aseraggodes persimilis (Günther, 1909).
  • Aseraggodes ramsayi (Ogilby, 1889).
  • Aseraggodes sinusarabici Chabanaud, 1931.
  • Smith's sole, Aseraggodes smithi Woods, 1966.
  • Aseraggodes texturatus Weber, 1913.
  • Aseraggodes therese Randall, 1996.
  • Whitaker's sole, Aseraggodes whitakeri Woods, 1966.
• Genus Austroglossus
  • West coast sole, Austroglossus microlepis (Bleeker, 1863).
  • Mud sole, Austroglossus pectoralis (Kaup, 1858).
• Genus Bathysolea
  • Bathysolea lactea Roule, 1916.
  • Bathysolea lagarderae Quéro & Desoutter, 1990.
  • Bathysolea polli (Chabanaud, 1950).
  • Deepwater sole, Bathysolea profundicola (Vaillant, 1888).
• Genus Brachirus
  • Brachirus aenea (Smith, 1931).
  • Annular sole, Brachirus annularis Fowler, 1934.
  • Brachirus aspilos (Bleeker, 1852).
  • Brachirus dicholepis (Peters, 1877).
  • Mekong blind sole, Brachirus elongatus (Day, 1877).
  • Brachirus harmandi (Sauvage, 1878).
  • Brachirus heterolepis (Bleeker, 1856).
  • Brachirus macrolepis (Bleeker, 1858).
  • Tufted sole, Brachirus muelleri (Steindachner, 1879).
  • Oriental sole, Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
  • Pan sole, Brachirus pan (Hamilton, 1822).
  • Brachirus panoides (Bleeker, 1851).
  • Brachirus siamensis (Sauvage, 1878).
  • Brachirus sorsogonensis (Evermann & Seale, 1907).
  • Brachirus swinhonis (Steindachner, 1867).
• Genus Buglossidium
  • Solenette, Buglossidium luteum (Risso, 1810).Image:Buglossidium luteum.jpg
• Genus Dagetichthys
  • Dagetichthys lakdoensis Stauch & Blanc, 1964.
• Genus Dicologlossa
  • Wedge sole, Dicologlossa cuneata (Moreau, 1881).
  • Ocellated wedge sole, Dicologlossa hexophthalma (Bennett, 1831).
• Genus Heteromycteris
  • Cape sole, Heteromycteris capensis Kaup, 1858.
  • Hook-nosed sole, Heteromycteris hartzfeldii (Bleeker, 1853).
  • Bamboo sole, Heteromycteris japonicus (Bleeker, 1860).
  • Heteromycteris matsubarai Ochiai, 1963.
  • Eyed sole, Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock, 1889).
  • True sole, Heteromycteris proboscideus (Chabanaud, 1925).
• Genus Liachirus
  • Liachirus melanospilos (Bleeker, 1854).
  • Liachirus whitleyi Chabanaud, 1950.
• Genus Microchirus
  • Microchirus azevia (Brito Capello, 1867).
  • Lusitanian sole, Microchirus boscanion (Chabanaud, 1926).
  • Frechkop's sole, Microchirus frechkopi Chabanaud, 1952.
  • Foureyed sole, Microchirus ocellatus (Weed, 1961).
  • Bastard sole, Microchirus theophila (Risso, 1810).
  • Thickback sole, Microchirus variegatus (Donovan, 1808).
  • Banded sole, Microchirus wittei Chabanaud, 1950.
• Genus Monochirus
  • Whiskered sole, Monochirus hispidus Rafinesque, 1814.
  • Monochirus trichodactylus (Nardo, 1827).
• Genus Parachirus
  • Parachirus diringeri Quéro, 1997.
  • Dwarf sole, Parachirus xenicus Matsubara & Ochiai, 1963.
• Genus Paradicula
  • Paradicula setifer (Paradice, 1927).
• Genus Pardachirus
  • Piebald sole, Pardachirus balius Randall & Mee, 1994.
  • Southern peacock sole, Pardachirus hedleyi Ogilby, 1916.
  • Finless sole, Pardachirus marmoratus (Lacépède, 1802).
  • Persian carpet sole, Pardachirus morrowi (Chabanaud, 1954).
  • Peacock sole, Pardachirus pavoninus (Lacépède, 1802).
  • Estuary sole, Pardachirus poropterus (Bleeker, 1851).
• Genus Pegusa
  • Cadenat's sole, Pegusa cadenati Chabanaud, 1954.
  • Adriatic sole, Pegusa impar (Bennett, 1831).
  • Sand sole, Pegusa lascaris (Risso, 1810).
  • Cyclope sole, Pegusa triophthalma (Bleeker, 1863).
• Genus Phyllichthys
  • Spotted sole, Phyllichthys punctatus McCulloch, 1916.
  • Phyllichthys sclerolepis (Macleay, 1878).
  • Phyllichthys sejunctus Whitley, 1935.
• Genus Rendahlia
  • Rendahlia jaubertensis (Rendahl, 1921).
• Genus Rhinosolea
  • Rhinosolea microlepidota Fowler, 1946.
• Genus Solea
  • Egyptian sole, Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud, 1927.
  • Blackhand sole, Solea bleekeri Boulenger, 1898.
  • Solea capensis (Kaup, 1858).
  • Elongate sole, Solea elongata Day, 1877.
  • Solea fulvomarginata Gilchrist, 1904.
  • Solea heinii Steindachner, 1903.
  • Solea humilis Cantor, 1849.
  • Ovate sole, Solea ovata Richardson, 1846.
  • Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858.
  • Common sole, Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758).Image:Solea solea.jpg
  • Stanaland's sole, Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989.
• Genus Soleichthys
  • Soleichthys heterorhinos (Bleeker, 1856).
  • Soleichthys maculosus Muchhala & Munroe, 2004.<ref>Template:Cite journal | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | year = 2004 | pages = 57-62 | title = A new species of Soleichthys (Soleidae: Pleuronectiformes) from tropical seas off northern Australia | author = Muchhala and Munroe}}</ref>
  • Small-head sole, Soleichthys microcephalus (Günther, 1862).
  • Soleichthys siammakuti Wongratana, 1975.
  • Soleichthys tubifera (Peters, 1876).
• Genus Strabozebrias
  • Harrowed sole, Strabozebrias cancellatus (McCulloch, 1916).
• Genus Synaptura
  • Kaup's sole, Synaptura albomaculata Kaup, 1858.
  • Guinean sole, Synaptura cadenati (Chabanaud, 1954).
  • Commerson's sole, Synaptura commersonnii (Lacépède, 1802).
  • Portuguese sole, Synaptura lusitanica lusitanica Brito Capello, 1868.
  • Synaptura lusitanica nigromaculata Pellegrin, 1905.
  • White-margined sole, Synaptura marginata Boulenger, 1900.
  • Synaptura megalepidoura (Fowler, 1934).
  • Black sole, Synaptura nigra Macleay, 1880.
  • Saltpan sole, Synaptura salinarum (Ogilby, 1910).
  • Selheim's sole, Synaptura selheimi Macleay, 1882.
  • Velvety sole, Synaptura villosa Weber, 1907.
• Genus Synapturichthys
  • Klein's sole, Synapturichthys kleinii (Risso, 1827).
• Genus Typhlachirus
  • Typhlachirus caecus Hardenberg, 1931.
• Genus Vanstraelenia
  • African solenette, Vanstraelenia chirophthalma (Regan, 1915).
• Genus Zebrias
  • Zebrias altipinnis (Alcock, 1890).
  • Zebrias annandalei Talwar & Chakrapany, 1967.
  • Convict zebra sole, Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995.
  • Wicker work sole, Zebrias craticula (McCulloch, 1916).
  • Zebrias crossolepis Zheng & Chang, 1965.
  • Zebrias fasciatus (Basilewsky, 1855).
  • Wavyband sole, Zebrias japonica (Bleeker, 1860).
  • Zebrias keralensis Joglekar, 1976.
  • Zebrias lucapensis Seigel & Adamson, 1985.
  • Zebrias maculosus Oommen, 1977.
  • Zebrias munroi (Whitley, 1966).
  • Duskybanded sole, Zebrias penescalaris Gomon, 1987.
  • Fringefin zebra sole, Zebrias quagga (Kaup, 1858).
  • South African zebra sole, Zebrias regani (Gilchrist, 1906).
  • Many-band sole, Zebrias scalaris Gomon, 1987.
  • Indian zebra sole, Zebrias synapturoides (Jenkins, 1910).
  • Zebra sole, Zebrias zebra (Bloch, 1787).
  • Zebrias zebrinus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846).

References

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