Tabard
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A tabard is a short coat, either sleeveless, or with short sleeves or shoulder pieces, emblazoned on the front and back with a coat of arms, and worn, as the distinctive garment of officers of arms. In the case of Royal Heralds, the tabard is emblazoned with the coat of arms of the sovereign. In Scotland, certain private pursuivants of arms make use of tabards emblazoned with the coat of arms of the person that employs them. In the United Kingdom officers of arms can be distinguished by the fabric from which their tabards are made. The tabard of a king of arms is made of velvet. The tabard of a herald of arms being made of satin and that of a pursuivant of arms of damask silk. It was once the custom for pursuivants to wear their tabards with the sleeves from to back, but this practice was ended during the reign of James II and VII.
A similar garment with short sleeves or without sleeves was worn in the late middle ages by knights over their armour, and was also emblazoned with their arms or worn plain. This became an important means of battlefield identification with the development of plate armor as the use of shields declined.
The name was also given in earlier days to a much humbler similar garment of rough frieze worn by peasants; the ploughman wears a tabard in the Prologue to the Canterbury Tales. See also The Tabard, the inn at which the principals meet in that same Prologue. (Wikisource:The Canterbury Tales: General Prologue)
Similarly at Queens College, Oxford, the scholars on the foundation were called tabarders, from the tabard, obviously not an emblazoned garment, which they wore.
It can also be the British English word for a cobbler apron.