Toledo, Ohio
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- This article is about the city in the state of Ohio, United States, which is the most populous of the cities named Toledo. For the oldest of the cities named Toledo, see Toledo, Spain. For other uses, see Toledo (disambiguation).
Toledo is a city in Lucas County on the northern border of Ohio and the western end of Lake Erie. It is the county seatTemplate:GR of Lucas County, and the principal city in the Toledo Metropolitan Statistical Area. In the 2000 census, the city proper had a population of 313,619. However, an estimate in 2004 gives the city a reduced population of 304,973 and is still the fourth-largest city in the state. Toledo is known as the Glass City because of its long history of innovation in all aspects of the glass industry: windows, bottles, windshields, and construction materials. The Jeep vehicle has been manufactured in Toledo since 1941.
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History
The area was settled after the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 with the name Fort Industry. However, with the War of 1812, everybody fled the area. Resettling around 1817 a Cincinnati syndicate purchased a 974 acre tract at the mouth of Swan Creek and named it Port Lawrence. The syndicate failed 3 years later, and the settlement joined with a river settlement to the north called Vistula. The inhabitants of this joined settlement chose the name Toledo, "but the reason for this choice is buried in a welter of legends. One recounts that Washington Irving, who was traveling in Spain at the time, suggested the name to his brother, a local resident; this explanation ignores the fact that Irving returned to the US in 1832. Others award the honor to Two Stickney, son of the major who quaintly numbered his sons and named his daughters after States. The most popular version attributes the naming to Willard J. Daniels, a merchant, who reputedly suggested Toledo because it 'is easy to pronounce, is pleasant in sound, and there is no other city of that name on the American continent'."
From the Federal Writers' Project - The Ohio Guide - 1940
On January 15, 1936, the first building to be completely covered in glass was constructed in Toledo. It was a building for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company and marked a milestone in architectural design that eventually led to the International style of architecture.
Toledo War
Template:Main A bloodless conflict between Ohio and Michigan, called the Toledo War (1835-1836), was "fought" over a five to eight mile wide strip of land from the Indiana border to Lake Erie, now containing the city and the suburbs of Sylvania and Oregon. The strip was claimed by both states due to old conflicting legislation about where the Ohio-Michigan state line should be. Militias from both states were sent but never engaged because the Michigan militia became lost in the swamps outside of Toledo. The only casualty of the conflict were two pigs and a handful of chickens stolen from an Ohio farm by lost members of the Michigan Militia.(see also Toledo Strip).
Recent Events
Toledo Riot
On October 15, 2005, visiting members of the National Socialist Movement, a Neo-Nazi group, planned to rally and march in Toledo to protest what the group claimed was the mistreatment of whites by black gangs. As approximately two dozen neo-Nazis taunted protesters with racial epithets in a North Toledo neighborhood, a racially diverse poverty-stricken area, protesters began launching rocks at police and the neo-Nazis. The neo-Nazis were escorted out of the area by police just as the protesters began to riot. The resulting mob overturned a car, threw rocks at police vehicles, looted storefronts in the area, and also looted and set ablaze a local bar that was despised by the black community. Counter-demonstrators contended that the bar had a history of discriminating against minorities (this allegation has not been proven).
Members and supporters of the National Socialist Movement left the city as the riot began. Mayor Jack Ford, who had tried to neutralize the Nazi rally by calling the date a "Day of Peace," condemned the riots as "just what the Nazis wanted", set an 8 PM curfew and declared a state of emergency. By December 1, 2005, 120-160 protesters had been arrested .[1]
The National Socialist Movement returned to Toledo on December 10, 2005. They rallied at the Government Center in downtown Toledo, where 26 protesters were arrested, though there was little violence during the rally. [2]
Geography
Toledo is located at 41°39'56" North, 83°34'31" West (41.665682, -83.575337)Template:GR. The city sits astride the Maumee River at the southern end of Maumee Bay, which is the westernmost inlet of Lake Erie. Toledo is north of what was formerly the Great Black Swamp, giving rise to another nickname, Frog Town. An important ecological site, a sandy oak savanna called the Oak Openings region, lies just west.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 217.8 km² (84.1 mi²). 208.8 km² (80.6 mi²) of it is land and 8.9 km² (3.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 4.10% water.
Demographics
| City of Toledo Population by year [3] | |
| 1860 | 13,768 |
| 1870 | 31,584 |
| 1880 | 50,137 |
| 1890 | 81,434 |
| 1900 | 131,822 |
| 1910 | 168,497 |
| 1920 | 243,164 |
| 1930 | 290,718 |
| 1940 | 282,349 |
| 1950 | 303,616 |
| 1960 | 318,003 |
| 1970 | 383,818 |
| 1980 | 354,635 |
| 1990 | 332,943 |
| 2000 | 313,619 |
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there were 313,619 people, 128,925 households, and 77,355 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,502.0/km² (3,890.0/mi²). There were 139,871 housing units at an average density of 669.9/km² (1,734.9/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 70.23% White, 23.55% African American, 0.31% Native American, 1.03% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 2.28% from other races, and 2.57% from two or more races. 5.47% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 128,925 households out of which 29.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.2% were married couples living together, 17.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $32,546, and the median income for a family was $41,175. Males had a median income of $35,407 versus $25,023 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,388. 17.9% of the population and 14.2% of families were below the poverty line. 25.9% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Economy
Toledo is best known for manufacturing, although this industry has declined considerably in past decades. The Big Three automakers all have factories in metro Toledo. The city is home to three Fortune 500 companies: Dana Corporation, Owens Corning, and Owens-Illinois. Owens-Illinois has recently announced plans to relocate to suburban Perrysburg. HCR Manor Care is an up and coming Fortune 1000 company headquartered in Toledo. Though the largest employer in Toledo was Jeep for much of the 20th century, this honor has recently gone to the University of Toledo. Manufacturing as a whole now employs fewer Toledoans than does the healthcare industry, now the city's biggest employer.
Toledo is the market city for the northwest Ohio, a region of nine counties and a population in excess of 1 million. As such there is a high concentration of retail establishments and medical facilities in Toledo. The city's location at the intersection of I-80/I-90 and I-75 (i.e. "The Crossroads of America") has made it a popular hub location for transportation companies such as UPS and BAX Global. Toledo is also the nation's third busiest rail hub, and one of the busiest ports on the Great Lakes.
Education
These higher education institutions operate campuses within the city of Toledo:
- University of Toledo
- Davis College
- Medical University of Ohio (formerly the Medical College of Ohio)
- Owens Community College
- Mercy College of Northwest Ohio
- Stautzenberger College
- Toledo Acamemy of Beauty
Nearby are the following other higher education institutions:
- Adrian College, in Adrian, Michigan.
- Siena Heights University, in Adrian, Michigan.
- Bowling Green State University, in Bowling Green and Huron.
- Heidelberg College, in Tiffin.
- Lourdes College, in Sylvania.
- Owens Community College, in Perrysburg.
Media
Template:Main The following are media outlets located in the city of Toledo. Also serving the city are a number of other radio and television stations, and newspapers located outside the city limits, including many such media outlets in the Detroit, Michigan, area. Some of these newspapers and broadcasting stations are listed below, with the city of publication or license noted when outside Toledo.
Newspapers
The Toledo Blade, a daily newspaper, is the primary newspaper in Toledo and was founded in 1835. It is considered one of the best local newspapers in the United States. The city's alternative weekly is the Toledo City Paper. In 2005, the weekly publication Toledo Free Press began publication. Other alternative weeklies include La Prensa, Sojourner's Truth, and the Toledo Journal.
Television stations
- 05 WT05 - The WB to be CW (cable only/non-broadcast in NW Ohio on various cables... usually cable channel 5)
- 11 WTOL - CBS
- 13 WTVG - ABC
- 22 W22CO - TBN (formerly channel 68)
- 24 WNWO - NBC
- 27 WBGU-TV - PBS (in Bowling Green, Ohio)
- 30 WGTE-TV - PBS
- 34 WBTL-LP - HSN, Infomercials (formerly broadcast channel 5)
- 36 WUPW - Fox
- 38 W38DH - America's Store (formerly channel 64)
- 40 WLMB - Christian, FN , Worship
- 48 WNGT-LP - UPN and UATV
'** Low Power stations (containing "LP" or numbers in their calls) had to move, due to HDTV station conversions on a specific station number. Therefore, the station on that channel had to move to another channel number.
Radio stations
AM
- 730 WJYM - christian (licensed to Bowling Green, Ohio)
- 1230 WCWA (Fox Sports 1230) - sports
- 1370 WSPD - news/talk
- 1470 WLQR (The Ticket) - sports
- 1520 WDMN - christian
- 1560 WTOD (SuperTalk 1560) - talk
FM
- 88.3 WXUT - Alternative (University of Toledo, part-time)
- 88.3 WXTS - Jazz (Scott High School, part-time)
- 89.3 WYSZ (Yes FM) - Christian (licensed to Maumee, Ohio and marketed online to Detroit)
- 90.3 WOTL - christian
- 91.3 WGTE-FM - Classical
- 92.5 WVKS (Kiss FM) - Contemporary Hits/Top 40
- 93.5 WRQN - Oldies (licensed to Bowling Green, Ohio)
- 94.5 WXKR (94 Five-XKR) - Classic Rock (licensed to Port Clinton, Ohio)
- 95.7 WIMX (Mix 95.7) - Urban Adult Contemporary (licensed to Gibsonburg, Ohio)
- 96.9 WXQQ - Satellite Contemporary Christian (licensed to Wauseon, Ohio)
- 97.3 WJZE (Hot 97.3) - Rhythmic Top 40/Mainstream Urban
- 98.3 WTWR-FM (Tower 98) - Contemporary Hits/Top 40 (licensed to Luna Pier, Michigan)
- 99.9 WKKO (K100) - Country
- 100.7 W264AK - Christian
- 101.5 WRVF (The River) - Adult Contemporary
- 102.3 WPOS - Christian (licensed to Holland, Ohio)
- 104.7 WIOT - Rock
- 105.5 WWWM (Star 105) - Hot Adult Contemporary (licensed to Sylvania, Ohio)
- 106.5 WRWK (The Zone) - Alternative Rock
- 107.3 WJUC (The Juice) - Urban Contemporary (licensed to Swanton, Ohio)
- 107.9 WMLZ-LP (107.9 The Blend) - 80's & 90's (Bedford Public Schools/licensed to Temperance, MI)
Sites of interest
- The Toledo Museum of Art is an internationally-acclaimed museum with a modest, but very complete collection housed in a Classical Revival building. See also the Frank Gehry addition to the Museum and the Glass Pavillion across Monroe Street (opens in summer 2006).
- The Toledo Zoo - consistently rated as one of the nation's ten best - was the first zoo to feature a hippoquarium-style exhibit.
- The COSI Toledo science museum on the Maumee River in downtown toledo.
- The R. A. Stranahan Arboretum is a 47-acre arboretum maintained by the University of Toledo.
- The Old West End is an historic neighborhood of Victorian, Arts & Crafts, and other Edwardian style houses recognized by the National Register of Historic Places.
- The world famous Tony Packo's Cafe is located in the Hungarian neighborhood on the east side of Toledo and features hot dog buns signed by celebrities.
- The Maumee River Crossing is being constructed over the Maumee River on Interstate 280, just north-east of downtown Toledo. This 400 foot tall bridge, when completed, will add a distinctive feature to Toledo's skyline.
- The Anthony Wayne Suspension Bridge, a 3215 foot suspension bridge crossing the Maumee River
- The Toledo Metroparks
- Toledo Botanical Garden
Sports
The University of Toledo fields teams in several intercollegiate sports, many of which enjoy loyal followings by Toledo sports fans. The Toledo Rockets football team plays at the Glass Bowl, while the basketball teams compete at Savage Hall.
<tr bgcolor="#ADADAD"><td width="300px">Club <td width="120px" align="left">Sport <td width="75px" align="left">Founded <td width="270px" align="left">League <td width="180px" align="left">Venue <td width="50px" align="left">Logo <tr bgcolor="#ffffff'> <td width="250px">Toledo Mud Hens <td width="120px" align="left">Baseball <td width="75px" align="left">1896 <td width="270px" align="left">International League <td width="180px" align="left">Fifth Third Field <td width="50px" align="left">Image:Mudhens.gif <tr bgcolor="#ffffff'> <td width="250px">Toledo Ice <td width="120px" align="left">Basketball <td width="75px" align="left">2005 <td width="270px" align="left">ABA: White Conference <td width="180px" align="left">SeaGate Convention Centre <td width="50px" align="left">Image:Toledoice.gif <tr bgcolor="#ffffff'> <td width="250px">Toledo Storm <td width="120px" align="left">Hockey <td width="75px" align="left">1990 <td width="270px" align="left">ECHL <td width="180px" align="left">Toledo Sports Arena <td width="50px" align="left">Image:Logo Toledo Storm XV.jpg </table> The Mud Hens are one of minor league baseball's oldest teams in continuous operation, having first played in 1896. Fifth Third Field, however, is a new stadium, having been completed in 2002. In 2005, the Mud Hens won the International League Governor's Cup Championship by beating the Indianapolis Indians. Fifth Third Field also made record-breaking attendance with over 590,000 fans, the most in Mud Hen's history. The Toledo Sports Arena is home to the Toledo Storm of the East Coast Hockey League, and has also hosted many other sporting events. Inverness Club is a famous golf club and course frequently featured on the tours of the Professional Golfers' Association of America (as well as the PGA Tour and LPGA). The SeaGate Convention Centre is home to the Toledo Ice of the ABA Basketball League, who began their first season in Toledo in November, 2005. Fifth Third Field, home of the Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club, was selected by Newsweek magazine as the best ballpark in Minor League Baseball in 2002.
Famous residents
Famous Toledoans include:
- Anita Baker
- Teresa Brewer (singer)
- Joe E Brown
- Daws Butler
- John Cromwell (director)
- Don Donoher
- Jamie Farr (his character, Klinger, in M*A*S*H was also from Toledo and had a fanatical devotion to the city)
- Martin Frankel
- Philip Baker Hall
- Jim Harbaugh
- Jon Hendricks (from the jazz group Lambert, Hendricks, & Ross)
- Arthur Hills (golf course designer)
- Katie Holmes
- Jim Jackson, basketball player
- Chester "Lyfe" Jennings
- Gene Kranz
- Thomas Noe
- P. J. O'Rourke
- Kelvin Ransey
- Tom Scholz
- Scott Shriner
- John W. Snow (United States Secretary of the Treasury)
- Gloria Steinem
- Alyson Stoner (dancer, actress)
- Frank Stranahan (Golfer)
- Art Tatum
- Danny Thomas
- BenFlowz (artist/musician)
Trivia
Toledo's location at the intersection of US Highways 23 and 24 and State Route 25 make Toledo one of the few cities located at the intersection of 3 consecutively numbered highways.
External links
- The Offical Toledo.com
- City of Toledo
- Maumee Valley Heritage Corridor
- Greater Toledo Convention and Visitors Bureau
- Toledo Blade (newspaper)
- Toledo-Lucas County Public Library
- Toledo Public Schools
- Toledo Museum of Art
- The Toledo Zoo
- COSI Toledo
- Tony Packo's Cafe Website
- Toledo Explorer
- The Toledo Mud Hens Baseball Club
- Clamor Magazine article on the North Toledo riot on October 15, 2005
- Toledo Riots
- The Two Toledos Documentary
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