United Nations Secretary-General

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The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. According to the United Nations Charter, the Secretary-General is to be appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. It is widely considered the most influential role in the United Nations.

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Current Office Holder

Image:KofiAnnan-StateDept.jpg The current Secretary-General is Kofi Annan. His appointment began on January 1, 1997, and his second term began on January 1, 2002. "I am a cheerleader, I am a promoter, I am a salesman, I am a debt collector, I am a father confessor and there are other aspects I still have to discover," Annan has said in describing his job.

The current deputy Secretary-General is Louise Fréchette.

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Role

The Secretary-General is described by the Charter as the "chief administrative officer" of the organization. Originally some felt that the role of the Secretary-General should be purely administrative. It was the Norwegian Trygve Lie, the first Secretary-General, who asserted that it was his role to speak out and act as leader and mediator. Every Secretary-General since has spoken out on global issues and used his good offices to mediate disputes. This is in keeping with the original vision of U.S. president Franklin D. Roosevelt, who held office just before the creation of the UN and had much influence on its shaping, that the organization should be headed by a "world moderator."

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Term and Selection

The Secretary-General is appointed to a five year term. UN Secretaries-General usually serve two consecutive terms, but sometimes only one. The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the Security Council. Therefore, the selection is subject to the veto of any of the five permanent members of the Security Council.

By convention, the position rotates by geographic region, but since Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt served only one term, a successor from Africa, Kofi Annan of Ghana, was chosen. When Annan had finished his first term, the member states were so impressed with his performance that he was appointed for a second term despite the fact that the next Secretary-General should have been from Asia. There has not yet been a Secretary-General from North America or Oceania.

Most Secretaries-General are compromise-candidates from middle powers and with little prior fame. High-profile candidates are often touted for the job, but are almost always rejected as unpalatable to some. For instance, figures like Charles de Gaulle, Dwight Eisenhower and Anthony Eden were considered for the first Secretary-General position, but were rejected in favour of the uncontroversial Norwegian Trygve Lie. Due to international politics and mechanicisms of political compromise, there are many similarities between the process and ideals for selecting the Secretary-General and those of selecting leading figures in other international organizations, including the election of Popes in the Roman Catholic Church.

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Reported possible candidates

Rumours have recently surfaced that former U.S. President Bill Clinton and former Chilean President Ricardo Lagos have set their sights on becoming Secretary-General; however, the nomination of Mr. Clinton, who is from a Security Council state, would be a break from tradition. Other possible candidates are South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-Moon, Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Prime Minister of Norway and former Director General of the WHO, Tarja Halonen the current President of Finland and Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, the current President of Latvia. However, some consider it to be Asia's turn to fill the post and both Clinton and Lagos have denied that they have aspirations to hold the job. No announcement has been made, but behind the scenes China is already pushing the candidacy of Thai Deputy Prime Minister Surakiart Sathirathai, who also seems to have the support of the U.S., Russia, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Jayantha Dhanapala of Sri Lanka is also considered a strong candidate. Dhanapala is well reputed in UN circles especially for his contribution to disarmament issues. He is known as a man of integrity and character.

There is also a strong feeling that it should be a female Secretary-General this time, because secretaries for the past 60 years have all been men. Current New Zealand Prime Minister Helen Clark, and New Zealand Governor-General Dame Silvia Cartwright have been tipped as candidates after being promoted by international women's group Equality Now.

However, countries upholding the veto power in the Security Council are nations that most likely will not see a Secretary General coming from their country, thus including China, the USA, France, the UK and Russia.

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Proposed Abolition

In the early 1960s, Soviet ruler Nikita Khrushchev led an effort to abolish the Secretary-General position. The numerical superiority of the Western powers meant that the Secretary-General would come from one of them, and would typically be sympathetic towards the West. Khrushchev advanced a proposal to replace the Secretary-General with a three-person leading council (a "troika"): one member from the West, one from the Communist states, and one from the Non-Aligned powers. This idea failed because the neutral powers failed to back the Soviet proposal.

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Secretaries-General

#PhotoSecretary-GeneralDates in officeCountry of originRemarksReferences
Image:Gladwyn Jebb.jpgSir Gladwyn Jebb1945 – 1946United Kingdomacting
1Image:Trygve Lie Bio Photo.jpgTrygve Halvdan Lie2 February 1946 – November 1952NorwayResigned[1]
2Image:Dag Hammarskjöld june 1959.jpgDag Hammarskjöld10 April 1953 – 18 September 1961SwedenDied in a plane crash in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia)[2]
3Image:U Thant Bio Photo.jpgU Thant30 November 1961 – 31 December 1971Burma (now Myanmar)Acting Secretary-General from 3 November 1961 to 30 November 1962[3]
4Image:K Waldheim.jpgKurt Waldheim1 January 1972 – 31 December 1981Austria Chinese veto for his third term[4]
5Image:Perez de cuellar.gifJavier Pérez de Cuéllar1 January 1982 – 31 December 1991PeruRefused a third term[5]
6Image:BoutrosGhali.jpgBoutros Boutros-Ghali1 January 1992 – 31 December 1996EgyptAmerican veto of his second term[6]
7Image:KofiAnnan-StateDept.jpgKofi Annan1 January 1997 – presentGhana[7]
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See also

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External links

cs:Generální tajemník OSN de:Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen fr:Secrétaire général de l'ONU ko:UN 사무총장 id:Sekretaris Jendral PBB it:Segretario generale delle Nazioni Unite he:מזכ"ל האו"ם lt:JT Generalinis Sekretorius nl:Secretaris-generaal van de Verenigde Naties ja:国際連合事務総長 no:FNs generalsekretærer pl:Sekretarz generalny ONZ ru:Генеральный секретарь ООН sk:Generálny tajomník OSN sl:Generalni sekretar OZN fi:Yhdistyneiden kansakuntien pääsihteeri sv:FN:s generalsekreterare th:เลขาธิการสหประชาชาติ vi:Tổng Thư ký Liên Hiệp Quốc zh:联合国秘书长

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