William Gilbert
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- For other people named William Gilbert, see William Gilbert (disambiguation)
William Gilbert was born May 24, 1544, Colchester, England and died November 30, 1603, probably in London. English physician to Elizabeth I and James I and scientific researcher into magnetism and electricity. He is the originator of the name "electricity".
His primary work was De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth) published in 1600. In this work he describes many of his experiments with his model earth called the terrella. From his experiments, he concluded that the Earth was itself magnetic and that this was the reason compasses pointed north (previously, some believed that it was the pole star (Polaris) or a large magnetic island on the north pole that attracted the compass). In his book, he also studied static electricity using amber; amber is called elektron in Greek, so Gilbert decided to call its effect the electric force.
Gilbert's magnetism was the invisible force that many other natural philosophers, such as Kepler, seized upon, incorrectly, as governing the motions that they observed.
A unit of magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the gilbert in his honor.
References
- Stephen Pumfrey & David Tilley, "William Gilbert: forgotten genius", Physics World, November 2003; online edition
- "De Magnete" ("About the Magnet") by William Gilbert. Translated 1893 from Latin to English by Paul Fleury Mottelay, Dover Books paperback.
External links
- The Galileo Project — biography of William Gilbert.
- The Great Magnet, the Earth — A history of geomagnetism.
- On the Magnet — Translation of De Magnete by Silvanus Thompson for the Gilbert Club, London 1900. Full text, free to read and search.de:William Gilbert
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