Strait of Hormuz

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Image:Strait of Hormuz.jpg Image:Straße von Hormuz.jpg Image:Iran map.png

The Strait of Hormuz (تنگه هرمز in Persian) is a narrow, strategically important stretch of ocean between the Gulf of Oman in the southeast and the Persian Gulf in the southwest. On the north coast is Iran (Persia) and on the south coast is the United Arab Emirates and an exclave of Oman.

The strait at its narrowest is 21 miles wide [1], having two 1 mile wide channels for marine traffic separated by a 2 mile wide buffer zone [2], and is the only sea passage to the open ocean for large areas of the petroleum exporting Persian Gulf States.

1 Etymology
2 Air tragedy
3 See also
4 External links

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Etymology

The opening to the Persian Gulf was described, but not given a name, in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a 1st-century mariner's guide:

Ch.35. At the upper end of these Calaei islands is a range of mountains called Calon, and there follows not far beyond, the mouth of the Persian Gulf, where there is much diving for the pearl-mussel. To the left of the straits are great mountains called Asabon, and to the right there rises in full view another round and high mountain called Semiramis; between them the passage across the strait is about six hundred stadia; beyond which that very great and broad sea, the Persian Gulf, reaches far into the interior. At the upper end of this Gulf there is a market-town designated by law called Apologus, situated near Charax Spasini and the River Euphrates.

There are two opinions about the etymology of this name. In popular belief the derivation is from the name of the Persian God هرمز Hormoz (a variant of Ahura Mazda). Compare the Pillars of Hercules at the entrance to the Mediterranean. Scholars, historians and linguists derive the name "Ormuz" from the local Persian word هورمغ Hur-mogh meaning datepalm. In the local dialects of Hurmoz and Minab this strait is still called Hurmogh and has the abovementioned meaning.

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Air tragedy

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On July 3, 1988, the Strait of Hormuz was site of one of the most controversial tragedies in aviation history: 290 people were killed when an Iran Air Airbus A300 passenger jet was shot down by the United States Navy guided missile cruiser, USS Vincennes. There is still lingering controversy about the events of this tragedy.