Tetracycline

From Free net encyclopedia

(Difference between revisions)

Revision as of 11:25, 21 April 2006
Davidruben (Talk | contribs)
rv - non-sequetter (no more or less indications/side\ eff\ects than other members of the group)
Next diff →

Current revision

This article deals with the specific antibiotic called Tetracycline. For the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines, see Tetracycline antibiotics.

[[Image:{{{image\|Tetracycline.png}}}\|{{{width\|220}}}px\|Tetracycline chemical structure]] Tetracycline
2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino- 6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5, 5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione IUPAC name
CAS number 60-54-8	}}}
PubChem 643969	DrugBank APRD00572
Chemical formula	C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₈
Molecular weight	444.435 g/mol
Bioavailability	<40% (Intramuscular) 100% (Intravenous) 60-80% (Oral, while fasting)
Metabolism	Not metabolised
Elimination half-life	6-11 hours
Excretion	Fecal Renal
Pregnancy category	D: (USA) D: (AUS)
Legal status	Prescription only
Routes of administration	Dermal Intramuscular Intravenous Opthalmic Oral

Tetracycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is commonly used to treat acne. It is sold under the brand names Sumycin®;, Tetracyn®; and Panmycin®, among others. Actisite® is a thread-like fiber form, used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semi-synthetic derivatives, which together are known as the Tetracycline antibiotic group.

1 History
2 Mechanism and resistance
3 Cautions, Contraindications, Side effects
4 Indication

[edit]

History

Tetracycline was first discovered by Lloyd Conover in the research departments of Pfizer. The patent for Tetracycline was first issued in 1955 (patent number 2,699,054). Tetracycline sparked the development of many chemically altered antibiotics and in doing so has proved to be one of the most important discoveries made in the field of antibiotics.

[edit]

Mechanism and resistance

Tetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature.

Cells become resistant to tetracyline by at least two mechanisms: efflux and ribosomal protection. In efflux, a resistance gene encodes a membrane protein that actively pumps tetracycline out of the cell. This is the mechanism of action of the tetracycline resistance gene on the artificial plasmid pBR322. In ribosomal protection, a resistance gene encodes a protein which binds to the ribosome and prevents tetracycline from acting on the ribosome.

[edit]