Delta Air Lines Flight 191
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Template:Crash frame Template:Crash title Template:Crash infobox Template:Aircraft title Template:Aircraft infobox Template:End frame Delta Air Lines Flight 191 was an airline service from Fort Lauderdale, Florida's Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, bound for Los Angeles International Airport in Los Angeles, California, by way of Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. On the afternoon of August 2, 1985, Flight 191 crashed while on approach to the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, killing 8 of 11 crew members and 128 of the 152 passengers on board and one person on the ground. This accident is noteworthy in the history of commercial aviation because it is one of the few air crashes in which the meteorological phenomenon known as microburst-induced wind shear was a direct contributing factor.
The airplane used on that day was N726DA, a Lockheed L-1011-1 TriStar, a workhorse in Delta's fleet at the time. The flight was piloted by Captain Edward Conners, First Officer Rudolph Price and Second Officer Nick Nassick.
As the aircraft flew over Louisiana, a thunderstorm formed directly in its path. The aircraft began its descent procedures over Louisiana, heading over the planned descent route. Captain Conners then recognized the forming thunderstorm and took action to change the plane's heading to avoid the turbulent weather.
At DFW, weather was also poor and an updraft formed, as well as a powerful thunderstorm. Because the storm appeared in the shape of white clouds, it was almost impossible to detect for Flight 191's crew.
At about 1500 feet above ground level (460 m), First Officer Price reported seeing lightning in one of the clouds ahead.
At 800 feet (240 m) above ground level, the aircraft sped up without crew intervention. Although it was supposed to land at 149 knots IAS (276 km/h), it began to accelerate to 173 knots IAS (320 km/h). Price tried to stabilize the aircraft's speed, but Conners had recognized the aircraft's speed movement was a sign of wind shear, and he warned Price to watch the speed. Suddenly, the airspeed dropped from 173 to 133 knots IAS (320 to 246 km/h), and Price pushed on the throttles, giving temporary lift. The airspeed then suddenly dropped to 119 knots IAS (220 km/h); on the cockpit voice recording Conners can be heard saying "Hang on to the son of a bitch!"
When Price tried to avoid a stall by pushing the nose down, the aircraft's vertical speed increased to 1,700 ft/min (520 m/min) before it came into contact with the ground.
Delta Flight 191 first impacted the ground on a field and bounced back into the air, then, while crossing Texas State Highway 114 it came down again on top of a vehicle, killing its occupant. The aircraft skidded onto the airfield, collided with two 4-million US gallon (15,000 m³) water tanks at a speed of 220 knots, and exploded into flames. Most of the survivors of Flight 191 were located in the empanage, or tail section, of the aircraft which broke free from the main fuselage before the aircraft hit the water tanks.
After a lengthy investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board deemed the cause of the crash to be attributable to pilot error, combined extreme weather phenomena associated with microburst-induced wind shear.
The crash of Delta Flight 191 was later the subject of a television movie called Fire and Rain.
Trivia
As of January 14, 2006, Delta does not presently fly under the 191 designation. (source: delta.com flight status)
Philip Don Estridge, known to the world as the father of the IBM PC, was killed aboard this flight along with several other IBM executives. To this day, IBM's corporate travel policy prohibits more than two company executives traveling on the same commercial airline flight.