Yishuv
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Template:Unreferenced Yishuv is a Hebrew word meaning "settlement." This term (or the full term "Hayishuv Hayehudi b'Eretz Yisrael" which means the Jewish settlement in Palestine) was used in the Zionist movement, before the establishment of Israel, to refer to the body of Jewish residents in Palestine. The residents and new settlers were referred to collectively as "the Yishuv." The term came into use in the 1880s, when there were about 25,000 Jews living in Palestine, and continued to be used until 1948, by which time there were about 700,000 Jews in Palestine.
A distinction is sometimes drawn between the Old Yishuv, referring to orthodox Jews (most of them non-Zionist, or even anti-Zionist) living in Palestine under Ottoman rule before 1918, and the New Yishuv, referring to the much larger Jewish settlement, who immigrated to Palestine with the Zionist movement, mostly under the British Mandate of Palestine after 1922. After the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the Jews were able to create a government, a military, an educational system, and kibutzim, in addition to vastly improving the overall standard of living in Palestine. All of this led to a general sense of national loyalty and organization.