Mau
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Mau, formerly Mau Nath Bhanjan, hardly 90 km from Varanasi is the powerhouse of textile weavers in Eastern UP, India. This small industrious town on the banks of Ghaghra (Saryu).The Tamasa River flows through the city. The credit of converting this city to a district goes to (late) Kalpnath Rai(former MP of Ghosi constituency).
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Geography and climate
MAU district is situated on fertile planes of Ganga - Ghaghara doab. It lies between 83° 17’ to 84° 52' East & 24° 47' to 26°17' North. In its north Ghaghara river is on the border, Ghazipur district is on the south, Ballia district is in east & Azamgarh district is in the west side. This district represents geographical characteristics of mid Gangetic plane. "Khachari" & "Khadar" types of soil found in the areas of north of Azamgarh - Ballia Road. In some high places "Bangar" soil is also found. In southern part river flow is absent, due to it that area have Bangar type of soil; which is non fertile land. The flow system of district is dominated by "Tons" & its helping river "Choti Sarju". The Ghaghara river forms northern border of district. The main means of irrigation in the district is Tubewells. Ponds are used mainly for Fishing & Bird sanctuary purposes. In Mau "Pakari Piua" pond have 1.7 km breadth & 32 km length. Ground water can be obtained from 15 to 20 meter depth. Ground water is used for drinking purposes.
Language
Both Hindi and Urdu are spoken in Mau. The natives speak the different dialects of Hindi. Like Hindus speak dialect Bhojpuri. The Muslims speak a Mauwali dialect. The famous Hindi poet Shyam Narayan Pandey was from the village Dumroun.
History
Many myths are popular regarding history of MAU district .In common opinion MAU is considered as Turkish word , which means "GARH" , "PADAV" , "CHAVANI" or "barrack" in English. No historical records are available regarding inhabitance of Mau. A little description is given in the historical book of Jiyaudeen Barni that Akbar the Great passed through Mau, in its way towards Allahabad.
During his reign Sher Shah Suri, the famous emperor who had defeated Mughals, visited Kolhuvavan (Madhuban) to meet the great sufi saint Syed Ahmad Wadva. Mahvani, one of the daughters of Sher Shah was settled permanently near the dargah of Syed Sahab . Various developmental works were undertaken by Sher Shah during his reign for economic development of the Mau region. Still there is some reminiscent
During the construction of Military Base & Shahi Masque, a large number of labourer & artisans came with Mughal Army. The labourer force includes a large number of Artisans , Weavers etc. Who originally belongs to Iran, Afganistan & Turki. They settled here permanently.
During the period of Freedom Struggle the residents of Mau had given their full support to the movment. Mahatma Gandhi came here in Doharighat on 3rd October 1939. In salt law breaking movement many persons of Mau had actively taken part, some of them are as follows : Umrav Singh , Shiv Saran Rai, Satrai Singh , Haidwar Singh, Kalpnath Shukl, Ram chandra Pandey, Krishna Madhav Lal, Ibrahim Khan, Vishwanath Prasad, Ram Palat Rai, Sita Ram Arya, Ram Davar Singh, Mangala Rai, Nana Saheb Marwari, Dalsingar Pandey, Chotu Ram,Gaya Prasad,Raj Daras Rai, Ram Dev Rai, Raj Narayan Rai, Jaganath Prasad, Chikaru Rai, Mahesh Rai, Bhagirath Rai etc.
In 1938 Jai Bahadur Singh had looted the train in piprideeh with his mates Krishna Dev Rai , Jamin Ali , Udai Narayan Dubey, Keshav Shukla, Beekeshvar Dutt , Jaganath Mishra,Tej Pratap Singh.
During 1942 Quit India Movement the mob was collected against the outrage of Madhuban Police Station Officer ; Collector Navlate was present there, he ordered to fire on the mob. Many persons were killed & injured on spot. In memory of shaheed of above said event a monument was built on the same place in Madhuban.
Mau was an important township of Azamgarh district before its creation .On 19th Nov. 1988 it was made district, largerly due to the effort of Late Kalpnath Rai , who was M. P. from Ghosi Parliamentary seat.
The local language of Mau is peculiar in its flavour , it includes the slang of Bhojpuri Persian, Turkish & Irani. The main Industrial setup here is of cloth making by powerloom due to presence of a large number of weavers in the district. Sari, Lungi & other clothes being prepared here nowadays and are exported to various states of India and also to various countries.
Economy
- According to 1991 Census the Population of the district is 1,445,000
- The decinnial rate of population growth during period 1981-91 is 28.33%.
- Sex Ratio in 1991 is 974.
- 16.9% of District population resides in Urban area.
- According to 1991 census sc/st population is 319,000 which is 22% of total population.
- Population density of the district is 844/km²
- In 1997-98 total foodgrain production is 372,000 tonnes
- Net irrigated area is 1,120 km² & gross irrigated area is 1,530 km²
- Percentage of electrified villages is 88.1% in the year 1997-98.
- Per capita electricity consumption is 162 units in the year 1998-99.
- In 1998 -99 total number of rural & small industrial units are 61526.
- Total number of Handloom/Powerloom units are 58381 in 1998-99.
- Percentage of Literacy in the district is 43.8 % in 1991.
- Percentage of Workers in the district, according to 1991 census, is 33.2%.
- Number of dependents per hundred workers is 201.
- According to 1991 census, 68.3% of total workers were directly involved in agriculture.
- In 1996-97 per cultivator net sown area was 6,500 square metres
- CD ratio in 98-99 is 11.96.
- Length of metalled road per 100,000 population is 57 km.
- In 1998-99 teacher-Students ratio is
- Junior High School 44
- Senior Basic School 45.6
- Higher Secondary School 46.1
- Degree College 135.7
- No. of Allopathic Hospitals/Dispensary/PHC's per 100,000 population is 3.7
- Telephone connection per 100,000 population 275