Iiwi

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{{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Iiwi | status = Conservation status: Lower risk (nt) | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Aves | ordo = Passeriformes | familia = Drepanididae | genus = Vestiaria | genus_authority = Jarocki, 1821 | species = V. coccinea | binomial = Vestiaria coccinea | binomial_authority = (Forster, 1780) }}

The ʻIʻiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) or Scarlet Hawaiian Honeycreeper is a Hawaiian bird of the family Drepanididae, and the only member of the genus Vestiaria. One of the most plentiful species of this family, which includes many endangered or extinct species, the ʻIʻiwi is one of the most recognized animals and symbols of Hawaiʻi. It is found on all the main islands of Hawaiʻi, however since the 1800's its range has become far more restricted due to introduced species and diseases. Now the ʻIʻiwi can be found at higher elevations where native forest ecosystems still exist more or less intact and temperatures are generally too cool for mosquitoes and the diseases they carry. They are rare or absent at lower elevations, even where native forests are in good condition. The species has a very high mortality rate from avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum): in a series of challenge experiments, more than half the birds died from a single infected mosquito-bite.

It is mainly red in color, with a long curved red bill, which it uses to drink nectar. The wings and tail are black. The feathers were highly prized by Hawaiian aliʻi (nobles) for use in decorating ʻahuʻula (capes) and mahiole (helmets).

Although the long bill of the ʻIʻiwi apparently evolved for feeding on nectar in long curved flowers, they now depend on nectar from ʻohiʻa lehua trees (Metrosideros polymorpha), which have tiny flowers. ʻIʻiwi bill size has apparently shrunk in the past 100 years due to this change in food supply.

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