Sergio Panunzio
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Sergio Panunzio (July 20, 1886-October 8, 1944) was an Italian theoretician of revolutionary syndicalism. In the 1920s, he became a major theoretician of Fascism.
Panunzio said that syndicalism is the historical development of Marxism. He pointed to George Sorel and Francesco Severio Merlino as revising Marx to fit the times and emboldening it. He is said to have "spearheaded the revisionism that led many syndicalists through interventionism to corporativism." It is said that he "gave Mussolini’s dictatorship a veneer of revolutionary legitimacy."([1])
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Biography
Born in Molfetta near Bari, he started his political involvement young by associating with syndicalist circles in 1902. From the University of Napels, he obtained a degree: in jurisprudence (1908) and philosophy (1911).
He was head of the Fascist Faculty of Political Sciences at Perugia University, after 1928.
Panunzio criticized the Soviet state as a “dictatorship over the proletariat, and not of the proletariat." In speaking of the “Fascist International,” Panunzio said: “Moscow bows before the light radiating from Rome. The Communist International no longer speaks to the spirit; it is dead.”
He opposed the anti-Semitic campaign of 1938.
He died in Rome.
Writings of Panunzio
- La Persistenza del Diritto (Discutendo di Sindacalismo e di Anarchismo) [The Persistence of the Right (A Discussion about Syndicalism and Anarchism)] (Pescara: Casa Editrice Abruzzese, 1909).
- Diritto, forza e violenza; lineamenti di una teoria della violenza. Con prefazione di R. Mondolfo (Bologna, L. Cappelli, 1921)
- Italo Balbo (Milano, Imperia, 1923)
- Stato nazionale e sindacati (Milan: Imperia, 1924)
- Che cos' è il fascismo (Milano: Alpes, 1924)
- Lo stato fascista (Bologna: Cappelli, 1925)
- Il sentimento dello stato (Rome, Libreria del Littorio, 1929)
- Il diritto sindacale e corporativo (programma, concetto, metodo) (Perugia-Venezia: "La Nuova Italia", 1930)
- Popolo, nazione, stato (esame giuridico) (Firenze, "La Nuova Italia" Editrice, 1933)
- I sindacati e l'organizzazione economica dell'impero (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1938)
- Sulla natura giuridica dell'impero italiano d'Etiopia (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1938)
- L'organizzazione sindacale e l'economia dell'impero (Roma, Istituto poligrafico dello stato, Libreria, 1939)
- La Camera dei fasci e delle corporazioni (Roma, Stabilimento arti grafiche Trinacria, 1939)
- Teoria generale dello stato fascista 2. ed., ampliata ed aggiornata (Padova, CEDAM, Casa editrice dott. A. Milani, 1939)
- Teoria generale dello stato fascista, 2nd ed., enl. (Padua: CEDAM, 1939)
- Spagna nazionalsindacalista (Milano, Bietti, 1942)
- Motivi e metodo della codificazione fascista (Milano, A. Giuffrè, 1943)
References
- Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees (1991, ISBN 0130893013)
- Fascism edited by Roger Griffin (Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 0192892495)
- The Cult of Violence: Sorel and the Sorelians by Jack Joseph Roth (1980, ISBN 0520037723)
- Young Mussolini and the Intellectual Origins of Fascism by Anthony James Gregor (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979, ISBN 0520037995)