Bohemian
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- For other uses see Bohemian (disambiguation)
Bohemians are inhabitants of Bohemia, Czech Republic. The term used to designate inhabitants of the former kingdom of Bohemia, located in the west of the modern day Czech Republic. The name derived from the Latin term for the Celtic tribe (Boii) inhabiting that area (Tacitus: Boiohaemum). The word "Bohemians" was never used by the local Czech population. In Czech, the region was since early Middle Ages called only "Čechy" - Bohemia or "Království české" - Kingdom of Bohemia, and its mainly Czech-speaking inhabitants "Češi".
In other European vernaculars and in Latin (Bohemi) the word "Bohemian" or its derivates was used to designate all inhabitants of Bohemia. If the Czech ethnic origin was to be stressed, combinations like "Bohemian of Bohemian language", "a real Bohemian" etc. were used.
It was not until the 19th century when other European languages started to use the word "Czechs" (in English), "Tschechen" (in German) or tchéques (in French) in a deliberate (and successful) attempt to distinguish between ethnic Czechs and other inhabitants of Bohemia. Nowadays "Bohemians" is still used when there is need to distinguish between inhabitants of the western part of the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and the eastern part (Moravia).
It is not clear how the word acquired its secondary meaning (see Bohemianism or Bohemian (disambiguation)), but it is believed that it comes from the French idea that Gypsies originated from Bohemia (while they were travelling from there).
In modern usage, a bohemian can describe any person who lives an unconventional artistic life, where self-expression is the highest value.