List of Serbian monarchs

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This is a list of Serbian monarchs.

Notes:

  • Entries bounded within parentheses are for reference only; for instance, the Roman numerals keep counts of Stefans and Lazars. They are not part of the common nomenclature.
  • The house names that end with '-i' (together with the patronymic, with '-ići', '-ovići', or '-evići') are part of the transliteration from the Serbian words, but frequently omitted in western texts.

Contents

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Rulers of medieval Serbian states

In the Middle Ages, the domain of the Serbs included four territories, roughly sorted by importance:


Different dynasties sometimes arose from different regions, and this list concentrates on those rulers whose families at some point controlled Raška as well as other aforementioned duchies.

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Earliest rulers

After the Unknown Archont, two rulers who were possibly of a different dynasty ruled up to 680:

  • Svevlad, ruled up to 660 \ may not have existed
  • Selimir, ruled 679-680 \ may not have existed

At this point, the Unknown Archont's descendance is probably continued with:

  • Vladin, ruled until 700 \ may not have existed
  • Ratimir, ruled until 730 \ may not have existed
  • Knez Prosigoj (son of Radoslav) (822 - 836)
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Vlastimirovići

The House of Vlastimirović controlled the Serbs between ca. 825-850 up to ca. 950.

  • Knez Vlastimir (son of Prosigoj) ruled around 850, or only up to 825 according to some; founder of Vlastimirović dynasty.
    • Vlastimir had three sons and one daughter. His daughter married knez Krajina, son of Beloje, župan of Travunija (Trabounia). Each son had his own domain, but Mutimir, the eldest, was the supreme ruler, his two brothers being subjugated (vassals) to him. The brothers successfully fought off a Bulgar onslaught by khan Boris in 852. Later, the two youngest brothers rebelled against Mutimir, who, as a punishment, let Bulgar khan Boris subjugate them.
  • Knez Mutimir ruled from the second half of the 9th Century to his death in 891 or 892
  • Strojimir (vassal to elder brother Mutimir, later under Bulgar khan Boris)
  • Gojnik (vassal to brother Mutimir, later under khan Boris)
  • Knez Pribislav (son of Mutimir), born latest 867, ruled ca. 891-893
  • Bran (Boren) (younger brother of Pribislav, son of Mutimir), born by 867, pretender to the throne ca. 895
  • Stefan (youngest brother of Pribislav and Bran, son of Mutimir), born ca. 870
  • Knez Petar Gojniković (son of Gojnik, grandson of Vlastimir), born ca. 870, ruled ca. 892-918, captured by Bulgars, died as their prisoner
  • Knez Pavle Branović (son of Bran/Boren, grandson of Mutimir), ruled ca. 917-921, brought to the throne by the Bulgars, brought down by Byzantines
  • Knez Zaharije Pribisavljević (son of Pribislav, grandson of Mutimir), ruled 921-924 (brought to the throne by the Byzantines, removed by the Bulgars)
  • 924-927 Serb throne held by Bulgars, period of Bulgar rule
  • Knez/Župan Časlav Klonimirović (son of Klonimir, grandson of Strojimir), ruled 927-ca. 950: Liberated the central Serbian tribes from Bulgarian empire.

950-1035 Byzantine rule

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Vojislavljevići

The House of Vojislavljević ruled the Serb lands between the 1050s up to the 1120s.

  • Stefan Vojislav — founder of the House of Vojislavljević; in 1035 rebelled against the Byzantine Empire, but forced to sign an armistice; went to war again in 1040, which would be continued by his heir and son, Mihajlo. Next to Duklja, his realm included Travunija with Konavli and Zahumlje/Hum
  • Grand Župan Mihajlo (Michael) (1050/1055-1080)
    • Mihajlo possibly received the title of king (and crown) from Pope Gregory VII though it is still an issue of debate.
  • King Konstantin Bodin, son of Mihajlo, ruled 1080-1101
  • dynastic struggle between Dobroslav and Vladimir, younger brothers of Konstantin Bodin, between 1101 and 1114
  • King Đorđe, son of Konstantin, 1114-1118

Đorđe was overturned by Uroš I of Raška, and later returned to power in Duklja between 1125 and 1131, but the main line of the Vojislavljević ended with him.

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Vojislavljevići/Uroševići

Between 1050 and 1165, the main Serbian state of Raška was ruled by descendents of the aforementioned House of Vojislavljević, but the Byzantine Empire often controlled it as well. In 1118, the main line of the Vojislavljević dynasty was mostly extinguished in Duklja, and Uroš of Raška took control of both Raška and Duklja, which is why he named the Uroševići.

  • Petrislav, instated by his father Mihajlo, ruled between 1050s and 1073
  • Vukan and Marko, probably sons of Petrislav, instated by Konstantin Bodin. Vukan was the Grand Župan between 1083 and 1115 while Marko headed administration of a part of the land. Under Byzantine sovereignty after 1094.
  • Uroš I., ruled Raška ca. 1115/1120 - 1131
  • Uroš II replaced him around 1140 and ruled until 1161
  • Desa, ruled 1161-1165 under Byzantine sovereignty, raised an unsuccessful revolt

After Desa's revolt, in 1165 the Byzantium divided the Serb lands between the four sons of Zavida: Tihomir in Raška, Stracimir in Duklja, Miroslav in Zahumlje and Travunia, and Nemanja in Toplica (in today's central Serbia). Tihomir rebelled against the Byzantium, but only Stracimir supported him: Miroslav and Nemanja did not.

Nemanja defeated Tihomir and Stracimir with Byzantine help, and founded the Nemanjić dynasty. Miroslav's descendents remained the župans of Hum and Travunia in the following period, while Nemanja appointed his son Vukan as the ruler of Duklja.

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Nemanjići-The Stefan Dynasty of Serbia

The House of Nemanjić ruled the Serb lands between ca. 1166 up to 1371. All serbian rulers beginning with Stefan Prvovenčani added name Stefan (Steven) before their birth names after ascending the throne as a manner of honoring first ruler of their dinasty Stefan I. Also, Stefan comes from greek title Stephanos, meaning crowned with wreath.

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Lazarevići

The House of Lazarević (1371-1427) had two rulers:

In 1377, the Bosnian King Tvrtko I Kotromanić of the House of Kotromanić had proclaimed himself the king of Serbs and Bosnia and the Seaside and the Western lands. In 1390, Tvrtko proclaimed himself the king of Rascia, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Croatia and the Seaside. His rule lasted until 1391.

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Brankovići

The House of Branković (1427-1459) had three rulers:

Another Bosnian king of the House of Kotromanić ruled over Serbia - Stefan Tomašević in 1459.

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Rulers of modern Serbian states

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Rebel leader

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Princes of Serbia, 1815-1882

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Obrenović Dynasty, 1815-1842

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Karađorđević Dynasty, 1842-1858

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Obrenović Dynasty, 1858-1882

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Kings of Serbia, 1882-1918

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Obrenović Dynasty, 1882-1903

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Karađorđević Dynasty, 1903-1918

In 1918, Serbia became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Later that state changed name in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (i.e. Kingdom of South Slavs). In that period (between World War I and World War II) the country was a parliamentary monarchy nominally ruled by the Karađorđević dynasty.

After World War II and the socialist revolution, the country was reformed as the socialist federation of 'republics' ruled by Josip Broz Tito. After his death in 1980, the federation started a process of dissolution which finished in a series of civil wars in the early 1990s. Through the 1990s, Serbia and Montenegro comprised the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which recently (in 2003) has been restructured into a confederation called Serbia and Montenegro. Currently Serbia is a parliamentary democracy.

The current Karađorđević pretender to either the Serbian or the Yugoslav throne is Aleksandar Karađorđević, who apparently would like to become Aleksandar II of Serbia.

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See also

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Sources

hu:Szerbia uralkodóinak listája nl:Lijst van monarchen van Servië (middeleeuwen) sr:Српски владари

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