Physostigmine

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Image:Physostigmine.png Physostigmine
1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydro-1,3a, 8-trimethyl-, methylcarbamate (ester), (3aS,8aR)-pyrrolo(2,3-b)indol-5-ol
CAS number 57-47-6	ATC code S01EB05, V03AB19
Chemical formula	C₁₅H₂₁N₃O₂
Molecular weight	275.35
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Elimination half-life	?
Excretion	?
Pregnancy category	?
Legal status	?
Routes of administration	?

Physostigmine is a parasympathomimetic, specifically, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor obtained from the Calabar bean. By interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, physostigmine indirectly stimulates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors.

Physostigmine is used to treat glaucoma and delayed gastric emptying. Because it is a tertiary amine, it can cross the blood-brain barrier and so it is also used to treat the central nervous system effects of atropine, scopolamine and other anticholinergic drug overdoses.

Possible side effects include depression.

Overdose can cause a cholinergic syndrome.

Physostigmine is available in the U.S. under the trade names Antilirium, Eserine Salicylate, Isopto Eserine, and Eserine Sulfate.

Brenner, G. M. (2000). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
Canadian Pharmacists Association (2000). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (25th ed.). Toronto, ON: Webcom. ISBN 0-919115-76-4