Japanese garden
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Image:Rikugien5.jpg Japanese gardens (Kanji 日本庭園, nihon teien) in the tradition of Japan can be found at private homes, in neighborhood or city parks, at Buddhist temples or Shinto shrines, and at historical landmarks such as old castles. Many of the Japanese gardens most famous in the West, and within Japan as well, are Zen gardens. The tradition of the Tea masters has produced highly refined Japanese gardens of quite another style, evoking rural simplicity.
Typical Japanese gardens contain several of these elements, real or symbolic:
- Water
- An island
- A bridge to the island
- A lantern, typically of stone
- A teahouse or pavilion
Japanese gardens might fall into one of these styles:
- Strolling gardens, for viewing from a path
- Sitting gardens, for contemplating from one place, such as the tiny tsuboniwa found in machiya (traditional wooden townhouses).
Image:TofukujiGarden1.jpg Many Zen temples feature a garden in the karesansui (or karesenzui, kosansui, kosensui 枯山水: "dry landscape") style. These have no water, but typically evoke a feeling of water using pebbles and meticulously raked gravel or sand. Rocks chosen for their intriguing shapes and patterns, mosses, and low shrubs typify the karesansui style. The garden at Ryōan-ji, a temple in Kyoto, is particularly renowned.
Image:ErinjiGarden.jpg Other gardens also use similar rocks for decoration. Some of these come from distant parts of Japan. In addition, bamboos and related plants, evergreens including Japanese black pine, and such deciduous trees as maples grow above a carpet of ferns and mosses.
Shakkei (借景), "borrowed scenery," is a technique Japanese gardeners use to make a small garden seem more spacious. By judiciously planting shrubs to block the view of nearby structures, they encourage the viewer to look up toward the mountains, and to think of them as part of the garden.
Noteworthy Japanese gardens
Image:Rikugien3.jpg In Japan
- Hosokawa Gyōbu-tei in Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture
- Kairaku-en in Mito, Ibaraki Prefecture
- Kenroku-en in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture
- Kōkyo Higashi Gyoen, the East Garden of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo
- Sankei-en in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture
- Kōraku-en in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture
- Shugaku-in Imperial Villa, Saiho-ji (the "Moss Temple"), in Kyoto
- Urakuen tea garden, Inuyama
In the United States Image:HosokawaGyobuTei.jpg
- Anderson Japanese Gardens (Rockford, Illinois)
- Chicago Botanic Garden (Glencoe, Illinois)
- Fort Worth Japanese Garden at the Fort Worth Botanic Garden (Fort Worth, Texas)
- Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden at Long Beach State
- Hakone Gardens (Saratoga, California)
- The Huntington, San Marino, California.
- Japanese Tea Garden at Golden Gate Park (San Francisco, California)
- Portland Japanese Garden, Portland, Oregon
- Ro Ho En Japanese Garden (Phoenix, Arizona)
- Roji-en Japanese Gardens at the Morikami Museum and Japanese Gardens (Delray Beach, Florida)
- San Antonio Japanese Tea Gardens (San Antonio, Texas)
- Seattle Japanese Garden at the Washington Park Arboretum, Kubota Garden (Seattle, Washington)
- Seiwa-en at the Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis, Missouri)
In Australia
In Canada
See also
External links
- Jgarden - Japanese Garden Database
- Meditations on the Japanese Garden
- About Japanese Gardens - Pictures of Private and Public Japanese Gardens
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