Norse cosmology

From Free net encyclopedia

Current revision

Norse cosmology, as it is given us in the source material for Norse mythology recognizes the existence of nine worlds, assigned the ending -heimr (home, realm, or world) or in some cases -garðr (homestead, yard or earth).

In the latter cases, there is always also some kind of construction with the same name centrally located in the world. Present research drawing from the oldest sources suggests that all nine worlds were originally called -heimr (Miðgarðr being Mannheim, Ásgarðr being Godheim) and that the odd naming arise from authors confusing places within certain worlds with the worlds themselves.

Apart from Miðgarðr (the "Middle Earth," or the world as we know it), the remaining eight worlds can be structured into pairs of opposing principles:

The worlds are all connected by Yggdrasil, the world tree. However, there is some inconsistency in the sources, as the world tree – drawing its nutrition from three wells, located in three different worlds – suggests that they are all roughly on the same level, which would indicate for instance a Niflheim in the north, a Muspelheim in the south and a Jotunheim in the east.

On the other hand, the Prose Edda locates Asgard and Alfheim in "the heavens,". The underworld Hel is generally said to border or be situated in Niflheim, yielding a more layered cosmology, something like the chart below. (Rasmus B. Anderson's 1897 translation of the Younger Edda gives a slightly different layering, however.)

The theory and diagram presented here only represent one possible interpretation.

Image:18 Nine Worlds.jpg

• Yggdrasil (Beneath its roots are the nine worlds of the universe, plus three magic wells)
  • Hvergelmir
  • Mímisbrunnr
  • Urdarbrunnr
• Highest level
  • Álfheim (The world of the elves)
  • Asgard (The world of the Æsir, originally called Godheim)
    • Valhalla
  • Vanaheim (The world of the Vanir)
• Middle level
  • Jotunheim (the world of the Jotnir, i.e. giants)
    • Gastropnir
    • Thrymheim
    • Utgard
  • Midgard (The "Middle Earth," the world of men, originally called Mannheim)
  • Niðavellir and Svartálfheim (The world of the dwarves or Dark elves. Most probably the same)
• Lower level
  • Ginnungagap (Former gap between Muspelheim and Niflheim, from which life sprang)
  • Hel (The world of Hel, goddess of the underworld)
    • Náströnd
  • Muspelheim (The world of fire and home to the fire giants)
  • Niflheim (The world of mists, ice and cold. Home to the frost giants before they were killed by the flood of the blood of Ymir)

cs:Severská kosmologie da:Nordisk kosmologi el:Σκανδιναβική κοσμολογία it:Cosmologia della mitologia nordica he:יקום נורדי lt:Skandinavų kosmologija nl:Noordse kosmologie ja:九つの世界 no:Norrøn kosmologi