Cruiser tank
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no need to disambiguate, because none of those other things are called "Cruiser *tank*"
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The cruiser tank (also called cavalry tank or fast tank) was a British tank design concept of the inter-war period. This concept was the driving force behind several tank designs which saw action during the Second World War.
Like the ships of the same name, cruiser tanks were fast and mobile, and were designed to operate independently of the slow-moving infantry and their heavier Infantry tanks.
Once gaps had been punched in the enemy front by the infantry tanks, the cruisers were intended to penetrate to the rear, attacking lines of supply and communication in accordance with the theories of Hobart and Liddell-Hart. Speed was therefore a critical factor, and to achieve this the early cruiser designs were lightly armoured and armed. This emphasis on speed unbalanced the British designs; insufficient attention was paid to armour protection and firepower. At the time it was not well understood that lightly-armoured vehicles would not survive on the modern battlefield. An even bigger problem for most cruiser tanks was the small calibre of their main gun. Most cruisers were armed with the two-pounder (40 mm) gun. This gun had good armour penetration capability (the best at the time), but was never issued high explosive ammunition. This made the cruisers vulnerable to towed anti-tank guns. Ironically, given the emphasis on high mobility, most cruisers were plagued by mechanical unreliability. This problem was not fully solved until the debut of the Cromwell in 1944, with its powerful, reliable Rolls-Royce Meteor engine.
Inter-war cruisers included the A-9, A-10 and A-13, which were used in the French, Greek, and North African Desert campaigns. The A-13 (Cruiser Mk III and Mk IV) was the first British cruiser to be fitted with Christie suspension, after British officers observed Soviet high-speed BT tanks on manoeuvres. During early WW2, the Cruiser Mark VI Crusader was probably the best-known cruiser, being used in large numbers in the desert. Other WW2 cruisers include the Covenanter, Centaur, Cromwell, and Comet. The Centaur and Cromwell saw action from Normandy onwards, while the Comet was fielded in the beginning of 1945. By this point in the war, the firepower and armour protection of the cruisers made them indistinguishable from medium tanks.
In the course of the war, technological improvements enabled heavier tanks to approximate the speed of the cruisers, and the concept became obsolete. The last of their line was the Centurion. In many respects, the Centurion was a transitional design between the cruiser concept and the modern main battle tank concept.
The concept was also employed by the Soviet Union in the 1930s, as exemplified by the BT tank series (Template:Lang-ru, "fast tank").