Title IX
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Title IX Amendment of the Education Amendments of 1972 (United States) (formally known as the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act) is an Act of Congress focusing on equality in sports opportunities and called for the increase of college scholarships of women to ensure parity with male athletes. Eventually the law was expanded to prohibit gender discrimination in any United States educational institution.
In 1972, Title IX was adopted as an educational amendment, based on the concept that discrimination on the basis of sex is illegal in any educational program receiving federal funding<ref>American Association of University Women, 1992</ref>. Title IX prohibited sex discrimination in schools receiving federal financial assistance. The American Association of University Women implies that while the ideas behind Title IX were fundamentally sound, the U.S. government did not effectively institute this amendment. Enforcement was driven by complaints, and too many schools who did not meet the guidelines slipped through the cracks.
Image:Patsymink.jpg Title IX has recently created controversy, with some groups claiming that because of it, some schools are spending more money on women's traditional sports programs and less money in men's traditional sports programs such as Wrestling and other sports or, in some cases, ending some traditional male sports programs all together.
Nonetheless, Title IX has been instrumental in the development of women's sports and it can be said that it helped the public prepare for today's women's professional sports leagues such as the Women's National Basketball Association and Women's United Soccer Association. A few non-college sports leagues have opened competition to men and women in the same events, such as equestrian competitions, auto racing, sailing, a few golf tournaments, and inline skating under the so-called "Fabiola rule", named for Fabiola da Silva.
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Legislative history
The law was renamed on October 29, 2002 upon the death of the law's author, Congresswoman Patsy T. Mink.
References
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See also
External links
- Text of the original Title IX
- TitleIX.info, a coalition of groups defending Title IX from continuing political assault keeps updated news and data about the act.
- "The Case for Requiring a Proportionality Test to Assess Compliance with Title IX in High School Athletics", Northern Illinois University Law Review, vol. 23, No. 1 (fall 2002)
- "A Hero For Daisy", a film about a Title IX demonstration at Yale University in 1976.
- 29-year long longitudinal study, tracking the status of women and collegiate sport.