Anacamptis
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{{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = Anacamptis | image = AnacamptisPyramidalis-thumb.jpg | image_caption = Pyramidal Orchid (Anacamptis pyramidalis) | regnum = Plantae | divisio = Magnoliophyta | classis = Liliopsida | ordo = Asparagales | familia = Orchidaceae | subfamilia = Orchidoideae | tribus = Orchideae | subtribus = Orchidinae | alliance = Orchis | genus = Anacamptis | genus_authority = Rich. | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. }}
Anacamptis Rich., 1817 is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This genus is abbreviated as Ant. in trade journals.
The type species is Anacamptis pyramidalis [L.]L.C. Rich. 1818
The scientific name is derived from the Greek word 'anakamptein', meaning 'to bend backwards'.
These terrestrial species occur on grasslands, limestone or chalk deposits or on dunes in Europe, from the Mediterranean to Central Asia.
They have linear to lanceolate leaves with an acute tip. They grow a long, pyramidal, erect spike with many fragrant flowers. These flowers bloom in summer. They are pollinated by moths and butterflies. Their proboscis is adapted to the long spur of these flowers.
Except Anacamptis pyramidalis all species listed below, were formerly classified under Orchis morio-clade. They have a diploid chromosome number of 32 or 36. A useful character for distinguishing Anacamptis from Orchis is the basal fusion of the three sepals in Anacamptis.
The few bigeneric hybrids are between sister-genera (closely related clades), in this case Anacamptis x Serapias. Recently found specimens of Orchis mascula x Anacamptis morio, found in Cumbria UK in 1997, proved short-lived because of a highly divergent genomic lineage.
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Species
- Anacamptis boryi (S. Greece, Crete).
- Anacamptis champagneuxii (W. Medit.)
- Anacamptis collina (Medit. to S. Turkmenistan).
- Anacamptis coriophora (Europe, Medit. to W. Asia) .
- Anacamptis coriophora subsp. coriophora (Europe to W. Asia).
- Anacamptis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Medit. to Iran).
- Anacamptis fragrans (Pollini) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
- Anacamptis israelitica (N. Israel, Palestine).
- Anacamptis laxiflora (WC. Europe, Medit. to C. Asia).
- Anacamptis longicornu (W. & C. Medit.)
- Anacamptis morio : Green-veined Orchid, Green-winged Orchid (Europe, Medit. to Iran).
- Anacamptis palustris (Europe, Medit. to C. Asia).
- Anacamptis palustris subsp. elegans (Europe to C. Asia).
- Anacamptis palustris subsp. palustris (WC. Europe Medit. to Iran)
- Anacamptis palustris subsp. robusta (W. Morocco).
- Anacamptis papilionacea (Medit. to Iranà.
- Anacamptis papilionacea var. cyrenaica (NE. Libya).
- Anacamptis papilionacea var. papilionacea : Butterfly Orchid (Medit. to Iran).
- Anacamptis picta (Loiseleur) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
- Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich.: Pyramidal Orchid, Maltese Pyramidal Orchid (Europe, Medit. to N. Iran).
- Anacamptis pyramidalis var. tanayensis (Switzerland)
- Anacamptis pyramidalis var. urvilleana (Sommier & Caruana) Kreutz
Image:Anacamptis coriophora1.jpg
- Anacamptis robusta (T.Stephenson) R.M.Bateman (comb. nov.)
- Anacamptis sancta (E. Medit. to Caucasus).
- Anacamptis syriaca (Cyprus, S. Turkey to Lebanon).
Natural hybrids
- Anacamptis x albuferensis (Anacamptis fragrans x A. robusta) (nothosp. nov.)
- Anacamptis × bornemanniae (Anacamptis longicornu × A. papilionacea) (N. Africa).
- Anacamptis × duquesnei (Anacamptis palustris × A. pyramidalis)(France).
- Anacamptis × gennarii (Anacamptis morio × A. papilinocea)(W. Medit.)
- Anacamptis × klingei (Anacamptis laxiflora × A. pyramidalis) (France).
- Anacamptis × laniccae (Anacamptis morio × A. pyramidalis) (Switzerland, France).
- Anacamptis × lesbiensis (Anacamptis pyramidalis × A. sancta) (E. Aegean Is).
- Anacamptis × simarrensis (Anacamptis fragrans × A. pyramidalis) (France, Italy, Greece).
- Anacamptis × van-lookenii (Anacamptis papilionacea × A. pyramidalis) (France).
Intergeneric hybrids
- xAnacamptiplatanthera (Anacamptis x Platanthera) (accepted name)
- xAnacamptorchis (Anacamptis x Orchis) (unplaced name)
- xDactylocamptis (Anacamptis × Dactylorhiza) (accepted name)
- xGymnanacamptis (Anacamptis × Gymnadenia) (accepted name)
- xOphramptis (Anacamptis x Ophrys) (unplaced name)
- xSerapicamptis (Anacamptis × Serapias) (accepted name)
References
- Richard M. Bateman et al. - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution of Orchidinae and selected Habenariinae (Orchidaceae); Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 142, 1–40.
- Bateman RM, Hollingsworth PM. - Morphological and molecular delimitation of Anacamptis (Orchidaceae: Orchideae), with particular reference to A. x albuferensis ; Taxon 2003