Cycle graph

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Disambiguation: "Cycle graph" can have several meanings, this article is about regular graphs of degree 2, i.e. polygons. Please see cycle graph (disambiguation) for others.


Image:C6graph.png In graph theory, a cycle graph, is a graph that consists of a single cycle, or in other words, some number of vertices connected in a closed chain. The cycle graph with <math>n</math> vertices is called <math>C_n</math>. The number of vertices in a <math>C_n</math> equals the number of edges, and every vertex has degree two, that is, every vertex has exactly two edges incident with it.

Contents

A note on terminology

There are many synonyms for "cycle-graph." These include simple cycle graph and cyclic graph, although the latter term appears to be used more often by non-graph theorists. Among graph theorists, cycle, polygon, or n-gon are also often used. More specifically, a cycle with an even number of vertices is called even cycle, a cycle with an odd number of vertices is called odd cycle.

Properties

A cycle graph is:

In addition:

  • Any graph with a subgraph that is a cycle is not a tree.
  • Cycles with an even number of vertices are bipartite, cycles with an odd number are not. More generally, a graph is bipartite if and only if it has no odd cycles as subgraphs.
  • Cycles with an even number of vertices can be decomposed into a minimum of 2 independent sets (that is, <math>\alpha(n)=2</math>), whereas cycles with an odd number of vertices can be decomposed into a minimum of 3 independent sets (that is, <math>\alpha(n)=3</math>).

Directed cycle graph

Image:DC8.png A directed cyclic graph is a directed version of a cyclic graph, with all the edges being oriented in same direction.

In a directed graph, a set of edges which contains at least one edge (or arc) from each directed cycle is called a feedback arc set. Similarly, a set of vertices containing at least one vertex from each directed cycle is called a feedback vertex set.

There is a directed cycle through any two vertices in a strongly connected component.

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