1275

For broader historical context, see 1270s and 13th century.

Years: 1272 1273 1274 - 1275 - 1276 1277 1278
Decades: 1240s 1250s 1260s - 1270s - 1280s 1290s 1300s
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century 1275 state leaders

Events

April 22 - The first of the Statutes of Westminster are passed by the English parliament, establishing a series of laws in its 51 clauses, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of bailable and non-bailable offenses.
Eleanor de Montfort is captured by pirates in the employ of Edward I of England to prevent her marriage to Llywelyn the Last, prince of Wales; she is used as a bargaining chip over the coming years in Edward's attempts to subjugate Llywelyn and Wales.
Scottish forces defeat the Manx of the Isle of Man in a decisive battle, firmly establishing Scottish rule of the island.

Jean de Meun completes the French allegorical work of fiction, Roman de la Rose, with a second section; the first section was written by Guillaume de Lorris in 1230.
A purported witch is first burned to death by sentence of a judicial inquisitor in Toulouse, France.
The verge escapement, a simple type of escapement used in clocks, is invented (exact year unknown).
Ramon Llull establishes a school in Majorca to teach Arabic to preachers in an attempt to aid proselytizing to Moors. He also discovers diethyl ether.
The first main survey of the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a follow up to the Domesday Book completed in 1086, is finished; it began in 1274.

Invading Mongol forces capture the Chinese city of Suzhou.
Marco Polo purportedly visits Xanadu, Kublai Khan's summer capital of the Mongol Empire.
The city of Kunming is made capital of the Yunnan province of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty.
Nestorian monk Rabban Bar Sauma begin his pilgrimage from China towards Jerusalem
Chinese astronomers observe a total eclipse of the Sun in China on March 4.

The era of the tosafot, Medieval commentators on the Talmud, ends (began 1100).
The population of Bushmen in Basutoland (modern-day Lesotho) is estimated at 125,000.
The Japanese era Bun'ei ends, and the Kenji era begins.

The fictional Balkan country of Syldavia, appearing in several of Hergé's Tintin stories, drive away the occupying power of (also fictional) Borduria.af:1275