United Kingdom general election, 1979
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Image:Portrait hr.jpg Image:James Callaghan.jpg Image:Davidsteel.jpg
The UK general election, 1979 was held on May 3, 1979 and is regarded as a pivotal point in 20th century British politics. The Conservatives and their leader Margaret Thatcher won and replaced the Labour government.
Labour had been in power from February 1974, with James Callaghan succeeding Harold Wilson after his surprise resignation in April 1976. The administration had been a minority government for most of its term, and from March 1977 to August 1978 the government had reached an agreement with the Liberal Party, in a so-called Lib-Lab Pact. Callaghan had been tempted to call an election in the autumn of 1978, which it is likely he would have won, albeit with a small majority. Instead he decided that the political situation would be more favourable in 1979, and waited. Unfortunately for him, a series of industrial disputes in the winter of 1978-79, led to widespread strikes which would ultimately lead to the downfall of the Labour Government. This period of industrial strife would later become known as the 'Winter of Discontent'. When the Scottish National Party (SNP) withdrew support for the Scotland Act 1978, a vote of no confidence was held on March 28, 1979 which the Government lost, forcing an election to be called.
Margaret Thatcher had come to lead her party in 1975, replacing Edward Heath. The Conservatives campaigned on economic issues - promising to control inflation, check the unions, and hoping to downplay the high personal unpopularity of their leader. They also called on the advertising agency Saatchi and Saatchi to help with their campaign, which was highly influential in the final analysis.
David Steel had replaced Jeremy Thorpe as leader of the Liberal Party in 1976, after accusations of homosexuality and conspiracy to commit murder forced Thorpe to resign. The scandal reduced support for the Liberals after what had been seen as a breakthrough in 1974.
A Conservative victory had seemed almost certain; the overall swing of 5.2% was the largest since 1945 and gave the Conservatives a workable majority of 43 for the country's first woman Prime Minister.
Results
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Total number of votes cast: 31,221,362. All parties shown.
N.B. The Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party had folded in 1978. Of its 3 MPs, 2 joined the Ulster Unionist Party (one held his seat, the other lost to the Democratic Unionist Party) and the 3rd defended and held his seat for the United Ulster Unionist Party.
James Kilfedder had been previously elected as an Ulster Unionist MP, but left the party, defending and holding his seat as an Independent Ulster Unionist. He subsequently founded the Ulster Popular Unionist Party but did not use that label in this election.