Butane
From Free net encyclopedia
| Butane | |
|---|---|
| Image:Butane.png | |
| General | |
| Molecular formula | C4H10 |
| SMILES | CCCC |
| Molar mass | 58.08 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless gas |
| CAS number | [106-97-8] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 2.52 g/l, gas (15 °C, 1 atm) |
| Solubility in water | 6.1 mg/100 ml (20 °C) |
| Melting point | −138.3 °C (134.9 K) |
| Boiling point | −0.5 °C (272.7 K) |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU classification | Highly flammable (F+) |
| NFPA 704 | Template:Nfpa |
| R-phrases | Template:R12 |
| S-phrases | Template:S2, Template:S9, Template:S16 |
| Flash point | −60 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 287 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.8–8.4% |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties | n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data | Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkanes | Propane Pentane |
| Related compounds | Isobutane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references | |
Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. Butane is also used as a collective term for n-butane together with its only other isomer, isobutane (also called 2-methylpropane), CH(CH3)3.
Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases.
Its name was made from the name of butyric acid. Image:N&i-butane.png
Contents |
Reactions and uses
When oxygen is plentiful, butane burns to form carbon dioxide and water vapor:
- CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 6.5 O2 → 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
When oxygen is limited, carbon (soot) or carbon monoxide may also be formed.
n-Butane is the feedstock for duPont's process for the preparation of maleic anhydride. The catalyst for this process has the approximate formula (VO)2(P2O7), i.e. vanadyl pyrophosphate.
- CH3CH2CH2CH3 + 3.5 O2 → C2H2(CO)2O + 4 H2O
Butane, like all hydrocarbons, undergoes free radical chlorination to give both 1-chloro- and 2-chlorobutanes, as well as more highly chlorinated derivatives. The relative rates of the chlorination is partially explained by the differing bond dissociation energies, 425 and 411 kilokJ/mole for the two types of C-H bonds. The two central carbon atoms have the slightly weaker C-H bonds.
Butane gas is sold bottled as a fuel for cooking and camping, in which case it is referred to commercially as LPG. It is also used as a petrol component, as a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking, as fuel for cigarette lighters and as a propellant in aerosol sprays.
See also
References
Bond dissociation energies: Senosiain, J. P.; Han, J. H.; Musgrave, C. B.; Golden, D. M. Faraday Discussions (2001), vol. 119, 173-189 Coulston, G. W.; Bare, S. R.; Kung, H.; Birkeland, K.; Bethke, G. K.; Harlow, R.; Herron, N.; Lee, P. L. "The Kinetic Significance of V5+ in n-Butane Oxidation Catalyzed by Vanadium Phosphates" Science (1997) Vol. 275, pp. 191 - 193.
External links
- International Chemical Safety Card 0232
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
- Template:Ecb
- n-Butane, Molecule of the Month.
- Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Butane in 3D
- Computational Chemistry Wiki
- Data from Air Liquide
| Alkanes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
methane |
| |
ethane |
| |
propane |
| |
butane |
| |
pentane |
| |
hexane | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
heptane |
| |
octane |
| |
nonane |
| |
decane |
| |
undecane |
| |
dodecane |
| ||||||||||||||||||||
fi:Malline:Alkaanitar:بوتان (كيمياء) ca:Butà de:Butan es:Butano eo:Butano (kemio) fr:Butane he:בוטאן ko:뷰테인 it:Butano hu:Bután nl:Butaan ja:ブタン lb:Butan no:Butan pl:Butan pt:Butano ru:Бутан (вещество) sl:Butan (plin) sr:Бутан (једињење) sv:Butan tr:Bütan zh:丁烷