Carnegie Hall

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Image:Carnegie Hall.jpg Carnegie Hall is a concert venue in New York City located at 57th Street and 7th Avenue. Built by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie in 1890, it is one of the most significant venues for classical as well as popular music in the United States, known not just for its beauty and history but also for its fine acoustics. Carnegie Hall has its own artistic programming, development, and marketing departments and presents about 100 performances each season; it is also rented out to performing groups. It has no resident company.

1 Performing arts venues
2 Location and folklore
3 See also
4 External links
5 References

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Performing arts venues

Carnegie Hall is actually made up of three distinct structures and presents a fairly confusing internal structure. There are three auditoriums: the Main Hall, the Recital Hall and the Chamber Music Hall.

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The Main Hall

Stern Auditorium, which seats 2,804 on five levels, is named for the violinist Isaac Stern. The Main Hall can currently hold an audience of 2,804 in five levels of seating.

The Main Hall is greatly admired for its warm, live acoustics, and it is commonplace for critics to express regret that the New York Philharmonic plays at Avery Fisher Hall in Lincoln Center and not in its former home in Carnegie Hall. "It has been said that the hall itself is an instrument," the late Isaac Stern once remarked. "It takes what you do and makes it larger than life."

The Main Hall is enormously tall, and visitors to the top balcony must climb 105 steps. All but the top level can be reached by elevator.

Most of the greatest performers of classical music since the time the hall was built have performed in the Main Hall, and its lobbies are adorned with signed portraits and memorabilia.

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The smaller halls

Zankel Hall, which seats 599, is named for Judy and Arthur Zankel since 1997. It had been leased to the AADA in 1898, converted to a cinema around 1959, and was reclaimed to be used as an auditorium in 1997. It opened in September 2003.

Weil Recital Hall, which seats 268, is named for Sanford L. Weill, and it is the newest of Carnegie Hall's facilities having opened in 2004.

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Other facilities

The building also contains the Rose Museum and the Carnegie Hall Archives, both relatively recent additions that opened upon the completion of the Carnegie Hall office tower next door.

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Architecture

Carnegie Hall was designed in a revivalist brick and brownstone Italian Renaissance style by William Burnet Tuthill. Although Tuthill's is not a familiar name, the success of the building is largely due to his design.

Carnegie Hall is one of the last large buildings in New York built entirely of masonry, without a steel frame; however, when several flights of studio spaces were added to the building near the turn of the 20th century, a steel framework was erected around segments of the building. The exterior is rendered in narrow "Roman" bricks of a mellow ochre hue, with details in terracotta and brownstone. The foyer avoids contemporary Baroque theatrics with a high-minded exercise in the Florentine Renaissance manner of Filippo Brunelleschi's Pazzi Chapel: white plaster and gray stone form a harmonious system of round-headed arched openings and Corinthian pilasters that support an unbroken cornice, with round-headed lunettes above it, under a vaulted ceiling. The famous white and gold interior is similarly restrained.

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History

Carnegie Hall is named after Andrew Carnegie, who paid for its construction. It was intended as a venue for the New York Symphony Orchestra, which was favored by Carnegie. Construction began in 1890, and was carried out by Isaac A. Hopper and Company. Although the building was in use from April 1891, the official opening night was on May 5, with a concert conducted by maestro Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Work on the building continued until 1897.

The hall was owned by the Carnegie family until 1924, when Carnegie's widow sold it to a real estate developer, Robert E. Simon. When Simon died, his son, Robert E. Simon Jr. took over. Soon, the way Carnegie Hall was being run didn't work out, so he offered it to the New York Philharmonic. They declined, as they were going to move to the Lincoln Center. By 1960, with the New York Philharmonic on the move to the Lincoln Center, there were plans to demolish the building and replace it with a commercial building, so Simon sold the building. He ended up using that money to found the city of Reston in Virginia, RES being his initials. Under pressure from a group led by Isaac Stern, the city of New York bought the site in 1960 for $5 million and leased it to a nonprofit corporation. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. The building was extensively renovated between 1983 and 1995, by James Polshek, who became better known through his post-modern planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History.

The renovation was not without controversy. After work done in 1986 there were complaints that the famous acoustics of the hall had been diminished. Although officials involved in the renovation denied that there was any change complaints persisted for the next nine years. In 1995 the cause of the problem was discovered to be a slab of concrete under the stage. The slab was subsequently removed.

Despite the landmark status of Carnegie Hall, plans for a commercial building were not entirely scrapped. In 1987-1989, a 60-floor office tower, named Carnegie Hall Tower, was completed next to the hall on the same block.

In June of 2003, tentative plans were made for the Philharmonic to return to Carnegie Hall beginning in 2006, and for the orchestra to merge its business operations with those of the venue; however, these plans were called off later in 2003.

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Management

The Executive and Artistic Director of Carnegie Hall (from July 2005) is Sir Clive Gillinson, formerly managing director of the London Symphony Orchestra.

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The Carnegie Hall archives

Unexpectedly, for most concert-goers, it emerged in 1986 that Carnegie Hall had never consistently maintained an archive. Without a central repository, a significant portion of Carnegie Hall's documented history had been dispersed. Advertisements and stories in the media about how Carnegie Hall was scouring basements and attics to recover its history elicited an overwhelming response from the public, who had been keeping their old programs: artifacts began arriving from all over the world. Vast amounts of material, including over 12,000 programs, have been recovered, enabling the Archives to reconstruct much of Carnegie Hall's history.

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Location and folklore

Carnegie Hall is located at the southeast corner of Seventh Avenue and 57th Street, two blocks south of Central Park. A very old joke has become part of the folklore of the hall: Q: "How do I get to Carnegie Hall?" A: "Practice, practice, practice." The Directions page of the Carnegie Hall Web site gently alludes to the joke.

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