Cebuano language

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{{language |name=Cebuano |nativename=Sugboanon |familycolor=Austronesian |states=Philippines |region=Central Visayas and northern and western Mindanao |speakers=first language: 18 million
second language: 10 million (est.) |rank=62 |fam2=Malayo-Polynesian |fam3=Borneo-Philippines |fam4=Central Philippine |fam5=Visayan |iso2=ceb|iso3=ceb}}

Cebuano, also known as Sugboanon, is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 18,000,000 people and is a subgroup or member of Bisaya, Visayan and Binisayâ. The name came from the Philippine island of Cebu, with the Spanish suffix -ano meaning native, of a place, added at the end. Cebuano is given the ISO 639-2 three letter code ceb, but has no ISO 639-1 two letter code.

Cebuano is a member of the Visayan language family.

Contents

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Geographic distribution

Cebuano is spoken natively by the inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental and the people in western Leyte province and throughout Mindanao. It is also spoken in a few towns and islands in Samar. Until 1975, Cebuano surpassed Tagalog in terms of number of native speakers. Some dialects of Cebuano give different names to their languages. Residents of Bohol may refer to their language as Bol-anon while Cebuano-speakers in Leyte may call their dialect Kana. Cebuano is a language with Verb Subject Object sentence order. It uses prepositions rather than postpositions. Nouns come after adjectives, but before genitives or relative phrases.

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Sounds

Cebuano has sixteen consonants: p, t, k, ? (the glottal stop), b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are three vowels: i, a, and u/o. The vowels u and o are allophones, with u always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and o always used when it ends a syllable. Accent is also a distinguisher of words, so that dápit means "to invite", while dapít means "place".

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Grammar

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Pronouns

Nouns in Cebuano are inflected for person, number, and case. While there is no 1st person singular distinction of genders, there is, interestingly, a distinguishment in 1st person plural, by way of an inclusive and exclusive "we". This reflects the culture's general focus on importance of the group, as opposed to the individual.

Example:

We are going to the movies. (Exclusive- kami - You are not going.)

We are going to the movies. (Inclusive- kita - You are going.)

The four cases are nominative, preposed genitive, postposed genitive, and oblique.

  Absolutive Ergative1
(Postposed) 		Ergative2
(Preposed) 		Oblique
1st person singular ako, ko nako, ko akong kanako, nako
2nd person singular ikaw, ka nimo, mo imong kanimo, nimo
3rd person singular siya niya iyang kaniya, niya
1st person plural inclusive kita, ta nato atong kanato, nato
1st person plural exclusive kami, mi namo among kanamo, namo
2nd person plural kamo, mo ninyo inyong kaninyo, ninyo
3rd person plural sila nila ilang kanila, nila
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Vocabulary and borrowed words

Cebuano has long borrowed words from Spanish, such as krus [cruz] (cross) and brilyante [brillante] (brilliant). It has several hundred loan words from English as well, which are altered to conform to the limited phonemic inventory of Cebuano: brislit (bracelet), hayskul (high school), syapin (shopping), dikstrus (dextrose), sipir (zipper), bigsyat (big shot), or prayd tsikin (fried chicken).

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Recognition of Cebuano

The use of Tagalog as a basis for Pilipino drew criticism from other Philippine linguistic groups. To some extent, there was active resistance shown against its usage. For instance, in the eighties, after an attempt by the Central Government to enforce the use of Tagalog as the language of instruction in all public schools, the governor of Cebu initiated the singing of the Philippine national anthem in Cebuano rather that in Pilipino (Tagalog) in the island province of Cebu. This resistance was not intended to undermine the country's national unity. On the part of the Cebuanos, it was mostly a protest against "imperial Manila" and a clamor for linguistic and regional recognition.

The Cebuano desire for special recognition finds support from the following arguments:

  1. Historically, Cebu is the first and oldest City in the Philippines. Long before Manila fell into the hands of the Spanish Conquerors in the 16th century, Cebu was already an established trading and military post for the Spaniards. It was the ancient trading hub with the Arabs and the Chinese. It was the first city established by Legaspi.
  2. Linguistically, Cebuano is recently, the country's second most widely used language. During the independence, it was the first largest linguistic group.
  3. Strategically and commercially, due to its geographical location, Cebu is the alternate gateway to Manila adding significance to its language. Cebuano is the native language of more regions than Tagalog, being the language with the most native speakers in Region VII (Central Visayas), Region IX (Zamboanga Peninsula), Region X (Northern Mindanao), Region XI (Davao Region), Caraga Region, and Region XII (SOCCSKSARGEN). There are also significant number of speakers in Region VI (Western Visayas, mostly in San Carlos City and neighboring areas) and Region VIII (Eastern Visayas, mostly in western Leyte and Southern Leyte). By comparison, Tagalog is the language of the majority in the NCR, Region IV-A, Region IV-B, and Region III (Central Luzon, where Kapampangan and Ilocano also dominate some areas).
  4. Politically, since the colonial days of the Spanish and Americans, the Cebuanos have always resented "arrogance" from Manila. In the Marcos years, Cebu, with the exception of Durano-held Danao, was regarded as a staunch center of opposition.
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Words and phrases

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Numbers

  • 1 usá
  • 2 duhá
  • 3 tulú
  • 4 upát
  • 5 limá
  • 6 unúm
  • 7 pitú
  • 8 walú
  • 9 siyám
  • 10 napú


However, Spanish is more commonly used for numbers above 10

  • 11 onse
  • 12 dose
  • 13 trese
  • 15 kinse

...

  • 20 baynte
  • 21 baynte'y uno

...

  • 30 traynta
  • 31 traynta'y uno

...

  • 40 kwarenta
  • 41 kwarenta'y uno

...

  • 50 singkwenta
  • 51 singkwenta'y uno

...

  • 60 saysenta
  • 61 saysenta'y uno

...

  • 70 sitenta
  • 71 sitenta'y uno

...

  • 80 otsenta
  • 81 otsenta'y uno

...

  • 90 nobenta
  • 91 nobenta'y uno

...

  • 100 usá ka gatos
  • 101 usá ka gatos ug usá

...

  • 1,000 usá ka libo
  • 1,000,000 usa ka libo ka libo/ usa ka milyon
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Common expressions

  • I am Miko Alazas. Ako si Miko Alazas.
  • May I ask a question? Mahimo bang mangutana? or Puwede ko mangutana?
  • How are you? Kumusta ka?
  • Good. (I am well.) Maayo.
  • How old are you? Pila'y imong idad?
  • How much? Pila?
  • I don't know. Wala ko kahibalo. or Ambut.
  • Good day! Maayong adlaw!
  • Good Morning! Maayong buntag!
  • Good Noon! Maayong udto!
  • Good Afternoon! Maayong hapon!
  • Good Evening! Maayong gabi-i!
  • When is Kanus-ǎ ang
  • Where do you live? Asa ka nagpuyô?
  • Where are you from? Taga-asa ka?
  • Where are you going? Asa ka padulong?
  • Where is Asa ang
  • Where is the bathroom? Asa man ang banyo? or Asa man ang CR? (CR = English "Comfort Room")
  • Where is the market? Asa man ang merkado?
  • What Unsa
  • What's this? Unsa ni?
  • What's that? Unsa nâ?
  • What should we do? Unsay among i-buhat? or Unsay angay namong buhaton?
  • What is your name? Unsay ngalan nimo? Unsay imong ngalan?, or coloquially, Kinsa'y ngalan nimo?
  • What number of child are you? Ikapila ka sa imong pamilya? (Firstborn, secondborn, etc.; common expression in Cebuano, not English)
  • I would like to buy that. Gusto ko mopalit anâ.
  • I would like two of those. Gusto ko ug duha anâ.
  • Hello, my name is Miko. Kumusta, Miko akong ngalan., or colloquially, Ako si Miko.
  • Shut up Hilom! or Saba!
  • Help Me! Tabangi ko!
  • Wait a minute Kadiyot lang
  • What time is it? Unsa nang (namang) orasa?
  • It's five o'clock Alas singko na
  • I love you. Gihigugma ko ikaw. or Nahigugma ko nimo. or Gihigugma tika.
  • Take care. Pag-ayo-ayo!
  • Take that! (slang) Usapa 'na! (literally "Chew it!")
  • Ouch! Agay!
  • Don't! Ayaw!
  • Yes Oo
  • No Dili

Cebuano: Nasudnong Awit (Cebuano version of the Tagalog version of the Filipino National Anthem Bayang Magiliw) Translated into Cebuano by Jess Vestil

Yutang tabunon Mutya nga masilakon, Putling bahandi, Amo kang gimahal.

Mithing gisimba, Yuta's mga bayani, Sa manlulupig, Pagadapigan ka.

Ang mga buntod mo, Ug lapyahan sa langit mong bughaw, Nagahulad sa awit, lamdag sa Kaliwat tang gawas.

Silaw sa adlaw ug bituon Sa nasudnong bandila, Nagatima-an nga buhion ta Ang atong pagka-usa.

Yutang maanyag, duyan ka sa pagmahal, Landong sa langit ang dughan mo; Pakatam-ison namo nga maulipon ka Ang kamatayom sa ngalan mo.

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See also

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External links

Template:Interwiki

ceb:Sinugboanon de:Cebuano es:Idioma cebuano eo:Cebua lingvo fr:Cebuano ilo:Pagsasao a Cebuano id:Bahasa Cebuano ka:სებუანური ენა ms:Bahasa Cebuano nl:Cebuano ja:セブアノ語 pt:Cebuano war:Sinugboanon fi:Cebun kieli sv:Cebuano tl:Wikang Cebuano

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