Company (military unit)
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A company is a military unit, typically consisting of 100-200 soldiers. Most companies are formed of three or four platoons although the exact number may vary by country, unit type and structure.
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British Army
The British Army identifies its rifle companies by letter (usually, but not always, A, B and C) within an infantry battalion, usually with the addition of a headquarters company and a support/heavy weapons company. The Royal Marines also has companies designated by letter within a commando. However, the Intelligence Corps, Royal Army Medical Corps, Royal Military Police and Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers all have individually numbered companies.
The Household Cavalry, Royal Armoured Corps, Royal Engineers, Royal Corps of Signals, Army Air Corps, Special Air Service and Royal Logistic Corps have squadrons instead of companies (although the Royal Engineers and Royal Signals had companies until after the Second World War, except in armoured divisions). The Royal Artillery has batteries.
The defunct Royal Army Service Corps, Royal Pioneer Corps and Royal Army Ordnance Corps had companies; the Royal Corps of Transport had squadrons.
British companies are usually commanded by a Major, the Officer Commanding (OC), with a Captain as Second-in-Command (2i/c). Until after the Second World War, the company commander of an infantry company was usually a Captain, although companies of other corps were often under Majors even then (and independent companies almost always were). The company headquarters also includes a Company Sergeant Major (CSM) and a Company Quartermaster Sergeant (CQMS), the two most senior non-commissioned officers of the company.
Canadian Army
Canadian Forces organisation is modelled after the British. However, a Canadian infantry battalion consists of three or four rifle companies identified by letter (A Company, B Company, etc), a Combat Support Company, and an Administration Support Company. A notable exception is The Royal Canadian Regiment which names its companies sequentially throughout the regiment from the Duke of Edinburgh's Company (instead of A Company) in the 1st Battalion to Z Company in the 4th Battalion.
The Combat Support Company administratively contains the specialized infantry platoons such as Recce Platoon, Pioneer Platoon, HQ and Signals Platoon, Anti-Armour Platoon, and Mortar Platoon. The Administration Support Company contains the support tradesmen which a battalion requires, such as cooks, vehicle technicians, supply, medics, etc.
United States Army
In the United States military, infantry companies are usually made up of three rifle platoons and a heavy weapons platoon; tank companies are usually made up of three tank platoons and a command element. By tradition, an artillery "company" is always called a "battery". An armored or cavalry "company" is often called a "troop".
Organic companies, which are not separate from their parent battalion, are identified by letter - for example, A Company, 1st Battalion, 15th Rifle Regiment. The letters are usually pronounced using the NATO phonetic alphabet or, before that, the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, resulting in names such as Charlie Company and Echo Company. Companies with a separate Table of Organization and Equipment are identified by a number, and are able to operate completely independently from any other unit's support. Company-sized units which are organized under a Table of Distribution and Allowance are identified with a name.
Company-sized units usually consist of four to six platoons, (each commanded by a Lieutenant) Although there are examples of Combat Service and Combat Service Support companies that have seven or more platoons. For example, a Transportation Terminal Service Company normally has two Ship Platoons, two Shore Platoons, one Documentation Platoon, one Maintenance Platoon, and the Headquarters Platoon. The platoons are commanded by First Lieutenants, while the company is commanded by a Major.
There are some special units that have platoons commanded by Captains, such as some aviation platoons and many special forces units. This is not a punishment, but rather an honor, as those platoons usually have some special operational capacity that requires them to be commanded by an officer with more experience than a Lieutenant. A Captain reports to his commander, usually the battalion commander (a Lieutenant Colonel). However, there are some administrative and other duties at battalion level and larger (brigade or division) which are also handled by Captains, for example the S-1 through S-4 officers of a battalion, or some staff positions in the G shops at division
A company is typically commanded by a Captain, although there are certain Combat Support and Combat Service Support companies that are large enough, and specially configured to require the command of a Major. The senior non commissioned officer of a company is called a First Sergeant, and this job is always assigned to an NCO who holds the First Sergeant rank.
Disambiguation
Some companies were well enough known that they have been identified with their company letter. Examples include:
- Easy Company of the 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division which became the focus of the BBC/HBO miniseries Band of Brothers .
See also
da:Kompagni (militær enhed) de:Kompanie (Militär) fa:گروهان nl:Compagnie no:Kompani pl:Kompania ru:Рота (армия) sl:četa fi:Komppania zh:连