Control key
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In computing, a Control key is a key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, will perform a special operation. The Control key is a modifier key; it is used in the same fashion as the Shift key. Like the Shift Key, it is unusual for the control key to do anything when pressed by itself. The control key is located on or near the bottom left side of most keyboards. It is usually labeled Ctrl, but sometimes Control or Ctl is seen, and it can be graphically represented as an “up arrowhead” (U+2303, ⌃), or simulated with a caret (^).
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History
On teletypewriters and early computer keyboards, holding down the Control key while pressing another key zeroed the leftmost 2 bits of the 7 bits in the generated ASCII character. This allowed the operator to produce the first 32 characters in the ASCII table. These are non-printing characters that signal the computer to control where the next character will be placed on the display device, eject a printed page or erase the screen, ring the terminal bell, or some other operation. Aptly, these characters are also called control characters.
Note that using the Control key with either lowercase c or uppercase C will generate the same ASCII code on a teletypewriter because holding down the control key grounds (zeros the voltage on) the 2 wires used to carry the leftmost 2 bits from the keyboard. In modern computers the interpretation of keypresses is generally left to the software, modern keyboards distinguish each physical key from every other and report all keypresses and releases to the controlling software. This additional flexibility is not often taken advantage of and it usually does not matter, for example, whether the control key is pressed in conjunction with an upper or a lower case character.
When the original purpose of the ASCII control characters became either obsolete or seldom used, later software appropriated the Control key combinations for other purposes.
Notation
There are several common notations for pressing the Control key in conjunction with another key. Each notation below means press and hold Control while pressing the c key:
| ^C | Traditional notation |
| C-c | Emacs notation |
| Ctrl-C | Old Microsoft notation |
| CTRL+C | New Microsoft notation |
Examples
The following examples may differ in some applications, but are nearly universal throughout the Microsoft Windows family of operating systems.
| CTRL+A | "select all" |
| CTRL+C | "copy" |
| CTRL+S | "save" |
| CTRL+X | "cut" |
| CTRL+V | "paste" |
| CTRL+F | "For finding a specific word in a long body of text" |
| CTRL+N | " For creating a new page" |
Similar concepts
Generally, the Command key, labeled with the ⌘ symbol on Apple Macintosh computers, performs the equivalent functions in Mac OS applications (for example, Command+c copies, while Command+p prints; the same holds for saving, cutting, and pasting).
Apple Macintosh also has a Control key, but it has different functionality.
- It is mostly used as a modifier key for key-combinations.
- When pressing Control and clicking the mouse-button, you will get a contextual menu. This is a compatibility feature for users with one-button mice; on a two-button mouse, you would just use the right mouse-button, with no modifiers.
- It is used in the command line interface with programs made for that interface.