Decapoda

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{{Taxobox | color = pink | name = Decapoda | image = Haeckel Decapoda.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = "Decapoda" from Ernst Haeckel's Artforms of Nature, 1904 | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | superordo = Eucarida | ordo = Decapoda | ordo_authority = Latreille, 1802 | subdivision_ranks = Suborders | subdivision = Dendrobranchiata
Pleocyemata
See text for superfamilies. }}

For other meanings of decapod, see decapod.

The decapods or Decapoda are an order of crustaceans within the class Malacostraca, including many familiar groups, such as crabs, lobsters, prawns and shrimps, but also some families that are less well known.

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Anatomy

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As their name implies, all decapods have ten legs; these are the last five of the eight pairs of thoracic appendages characteristic of crustaceans. The front three pairs function as mouthparts and are generally referred to as maxillipeds, the remainder being pereiopods. In many decapods, however, one pair of legs has enlarged pincers; the claws are called chelae, so those legs may be called chelipeds. Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment capable of carrying a pair of biramous pleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan (together with the telson) and are called uropods.

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Classification

Classification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of the gills and legs, and the way in which the larvae develop, giving rise to two suborders: Dendrobranchiata and Pleocyemata. Prawns (including many species colloquially referred to as "shrimp", such as the Atlantic white shrimp) make up the Dendrobranchiata. The remaining groups, including true shrimp, are the Pleocyemata.

The following classification to the level of superfamilies follows Martin and Davis<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>, with some changes based on more recent morphological and molecular studies<ref>Template:Cite journal2</ref><ref>Template:Cite journal2</ref>.

Image:Penaeus vannamei.jpg Image:Spotted cleaner shrimp.jpg Image:Lobster 300.jpg Image:Bfgnbigred2.jpg Image:Blue crab on market in Piraeus - Callinectes sapidus Rathbun 20020819-317.jpg Image:Lyreidus tridentatus.jpg

Order Decapoda Latreille, 1802

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References

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