Discus throw
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Image:Discus Thrower Copenhagen.jpg
- Alternate meaning: Discus fish
The discus throw is an athletics (track and field) throwing event. The discus, the object to be thrown, is a lens-shaped heavy disc with a diameter of 220 mm (8.66 inches) and a weight of two kilograms (4 lb 7 oz) for the men's event, and one kg (2 lb 3 oz) for the women's, with a smaller diameter of 182 mm (7.17 inches). In U.S. high school track and field, boys typically throw a discus weighing 1.616 kg (3 lb 9 oz) and the girls throw the 1 kg (2.2 lb)women's disc. The discus usually has sides made of rubber, plastic, wood, or metal with a metal rim and a metal core to attain the weight. Discuses with more weight in the rim produce greater angular momentum for any given spin rate, and thus more stability, although they are more difficult to throw. A practice discus made of solid rubber is often used in high school; it is cheaper, more durable, and easier to learn to throw with (due to the more equal distribution of weight, as opposed to the heavy rim weight of the metal rim/core discuses).
Discus throwing is an ancient sport. In the 5th century BC the sculptor Myron produced a statue of a discus thrower (Discobolus), which is world-famous today (although the technique obviously employed by that ancient thrower is no longer considered anywhere near optimal).
To make a throw, the competitor starts in a slightly recessed concrete-surfaced circle of 2.5 metres (8 feet 2½ inches) diameter. They typically wind up while facing away from the direction of the throw. The thrower then spins around one and a half times through the circle to build momentum. The discus must land within a 40-degree or 60-degree arc marked by lines on the landing zone, and the competitor must not exit the circle until the discus has landed, and must then only exit through the rear half of the circle. The distance from the front edge of the circle to where the discus has landed is measured, and distances are rounded down to the nearest centimeter or half-inch. The competitor's best throw from the allocated number of throws, typically between three and eight, is recorded, and the competitor who legally throws the discus the furthest is declared the winner. Ties are broken by determining which thrower has the longer second-best throw.
The basic motion is a forehanded sidearm movement. The discus is spun off the index finger of the throwing hand, spinning clockwise when viewed above for a right-handed thrower, and vice-versa. As well as achieving maximum momentum in the discus on throwing, the discus's distance is also determined by the trajectory the thrower imparts, as well as the aerodynamic behaviour of the discus. Also, a faster-spinning discus imparts greater gyroscopic stability. The technique of discus throwing is quite difficult to master and needs lots of experience to get right, thus most top throwers are thirty years old or older.
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World records
The discus throw world record for men is:
- Jürgen Schult 74.08 m (243' 0.5") Neubrandenburg, GER (then GDR) 6 June 1986
And for women:
- Gabriele Reinsch 76.80 m (251' 11.75") Neubrandenburg, GER (then GDR) 9 July 1988
The discus is one of the few sports events in which the world record has never been set during the Olympics.
Top 10 performers
Accurate as of January 1, 2006.
Men
| Mark | Athlete | Nationality | Venue | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 74.08 | Jürgen Schult | Template:GER | Neubrandenburg | June 6, 1986 |
| 73.88 | Virgilijus Alekna | Template:LTU | Kaunas | August 3, 2000 |
| 71.86 | Yuriy Dumchev | Template:URS | Moscow | May 29, 1983 |
| 71.70 | Róbert Fazekas | Template:HUN | Szombathely | July 14, 2002 |
| 71.50 | Lars Riedel | Template:GER | Wiesbaden | May 3, 1997 |
| 71.32 | Ben Plucknett | Template:USA | Eugene | June 4, 1983 |
| 71.26 | John Powell | Template:USA | San Jose | June 9, 1984 |
| 71.26 | Rickard Bruch | Template:SWE | Malmö | November 15, 1984 |
| 71.26 | Imrich Bugár | Template:TCH | San Jose | May 25, 1985 |
| 71.18 | Art Burns | Template:USA | San Jose | July 19, 1983 |
Women
| Mark | Athlete | Nationality | Venue | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 76.80 | Gabriele Reinsch | Template:GDR | Neubrandenburg | July 9, 1988 |
| 74.56 | Zdenka Šilhavá | Template:TCH | Nitra | August 26, 1984 |
| 74.56 | Ilke Wyludda | Template:GDR | Neubrandenburg | July 23, 1989 |
| 74.08 | Diana Sachse-Gansky | Template:GDR | Karl-Marx-Stadt | June 20, 1987 |
| 73.84 | Daniela Costian | Template:ROM | Bucuresti | April 30, 1988 |
| 73.36 | Irina Meszynski | Template:GDR | Prague | August 17, 1984 |
| 73.28 | Galina Savinkova | Template:URS | Donetsk | September 8, 1984 |
| 73.22 | Tsvetanka Khristova | Template:BUL | Kazanlak | April 19, 1987 |
| 73.10 | Gisela Beyer | Template:GDR | Berlin | July 20, 1984 |
| 72.92 | Martina Hellmann | Template:GDR | Potsdam | August 20, 1987 |
Template:Track eventscs:Hod diskem de:Diskuswurf et:Kettaheide es:Lanzamiento de disco fr:Lancer du disque it:Lancio del disco nl:Discuswerpen ja:円盤投げ pl:Rzut dyskiem fi:Kiekonheitto sv:Diskus