FIPS 10-4
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The name of FIPS 10-4 standard is: Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions.
The FIPS standard is also known as DAFIF 0413 ed 7 Amdt. No. 3 (Nov 2003) and as DIA 65-18 (Defense Intelligence Agency, 1994, "Geopolitical Data Elements and Related Features").
Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) two-letter country codes (FIPS 10-4) are used by the US Government for data processing, and in the CIA World Factbook. They are similar but not the same as ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.
FIPS 10-4 country codes
For the FIPS country codes see List of FIPS country codes. It contains a list of FIPS two-letter codes for independent states (including the Republic of China (Taiwan), North Korea, and other states not recognized by the US). There are also codes for dependent territories.
FIPS 10-4 subdivision codes
The standard also includes codes for the top-level subdivision of the countries, similar but usually incompatible with the ISO 3166-2 standard. see: List of FIPS region codes