Ferhat Abbas
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Ferhat Abbas (b. 24 October, 1899 - d. 23 December, 1985) (Arabic: فرحات عباس) was an Algerian political leader and briefly acted in a provisional capacity as the country's first President after independence in 1962.
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Background
Born in a village south of Taher in the department of Constantine, he was formerly an "assimilationist" not opposed to the French annexation but advocating an Algeria where Algerians would have the same rights as Frenchmen. He became disillusioned with France when his hopes were not realized, and turned to nationalism, issuing the Manifesto of the Algerian People in 1943, and forming the nationalist party Union Démocratique du Manifeste Algérien in 1946.
Involvement with FLN
Not long after the Algerian War of Independence against French rule began, he joined the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN), in September 1955, and became president of the provisional Algerian nationalist government from 1958 until 1961, heading the country's FLN-backed government-in-exile.
After independence
Algeria became independent in 1962. From September 25, 1962 to September 15, 1963 Ferhat Abbas was President of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic. He resigned in protest at the FLN's decision to establish a one-party state, which fell under the leadership of Ahmed Ben Bella. He was then placed under house arrest from 1964 until 1965. In 1976-79, he was again placed under house arrest, after signing a statement opposing the country's powerful military-backed President, Col. Houari Boumédiènne. Still, he received a state decoration, the Medal of Resistance, on October 30, 1984[1]; he died just over a year later.
Writings
Articles written in his youth are collected in Le Jeune Algérien (1931). His ideas on democracy and views on history were set out in a series of essays including La nuit coloniale (1962), Autopsie d'une guerre (1980) and L'indépendance confisquée (1984).
References
- Meisami, Julie Scott and Starkey, Paul (Eds). (1998). Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. London: Routledge (ISBN 0415185718)Template:Algeria-bio-stub
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