5th century BC

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{{centuryBCbox | cp = 6th century BC | c = 5th century BC | cna = 4 | cnb = th century BC }} (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium)

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Contents 1 Overview 2 Events 3 Significant persons 4 Inventions, discoveries, introductions 5 Decades and years

Overview

The 5th and 6th centuries BC are a period of philosophical brilliance among advanced civilizations. Ancient Greek philosophy develops during the 5th century BC, setting the foundation for Western ideology. In Athens and elsewhere in the Mediterranean world, the 5th century marks a high point in the development of political institutions, art, architecture,and literature.

Events

• Demotic becomes the dominant script of ancient Egypt
• Persians invade Greece twice (Persian Wars)
• Battle of Marathon (490)
• 486 BCE First Buddist Council at Rejgaha, under the patronage of King Ajatasattu. Oral tradition established for the first time.

Significant persons

• Pythagoras of Samos, Greek mathematician. See Pythagorean theorem. (582 - 496 BC).
• Gautama Buddha, founding figure of Buddhism (ca. 563 - 483 BC).
• Confucius, founding figure of Confucianism (551 - 479 BC).
• Aeschylus of Athens, playwright (525 - 456 BC).
• Darius I, King of Persia (reigned 521 - 485 BC).
• Sophocles of Athens, playwright (496 - 406 BC).
• Pericles of Athens, politician (ca. 495 - 429 BC).
• Herodotus of Halicarnassus, historian (ca. 485 BC).
• Euripides of Athens, playwright (ca. 480 - 406 BC).
• Socrates of Athens, philosopher (470 - 399 BC).
• Aristophanes of Athens, playwright (ca. 446 - 385 BC).
• Darius II, king of Persia (reigned 423-404 BC)
• Ezra and Nehemiah active in Judea.
• Tollund Man, Human sacrifice victim on the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, possibly the earliest known evidence for worship of Odin.
• Empedocles
• Zengzi, 505-436, student of Confucius, wrote Great Learning

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

• Cast iron is first used in Wu.

Decades and years

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